Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2018 / Cilt: 52 - Sayı: 3

Isolation of Balamuthia mandriallaris Parasite from air Conditioning of the Houses in South and Southeast of Turkey

Türkiye’nin Güney ve Güneydoğusundaki Evlerin İklimlendirmelerinde Balamuthia mandrillaris Parazitinin İzolasyonu

Pages
284–292
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Our study emphasized that firstly the health personnel and then the people should be informed about the deadly parasites and the cleaning of the air conditions should be done in certain periods.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The free living amoebae cause various infections such as Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, primer amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A total of 30 dust samples were taken from the filtersof air-conditions in Adana and Gaziantep province of Turkey.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Our study emphasized that firstly the health personnel and then the people should be informed about the deadly parasites and the cleaning of the air conditions should be done in certain periods.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The free living amoebae cause various infections such as Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, primer amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals. The free living amoebae Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia mandriallis, Naegleria fowleria and Sappinia species that cause disease in humans have been isolated from many environmental materials until today. However, no isolation has been reported from the filters of the air conditions from the houses used for ventilation. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the existence of free living amoebae using molecular methods in the filters of air-conditions used in the study living area of the people. A total of 30 dust samples were taken from the filtersof air-conditions in Adana and Gaziantep province of Turkey. DNA isolation of the dust samples was performed using the DNeasy PowerSoil kit (Qiagen, Germany) and polymerase chain reaction was done with specific primers of Acanthamoeba spp., B.mandriallis, N.fowleria and Sappinia species. As a result of this study, Acanthamoeba spp. was determined as 33.3% (5/15) and B.mandriallis was determined as6.6% (1/15) in Adana province. On the other hand, Acanthamoeba species was determined as 26.6% (4/15) and B.mandriallis was determined as 13.3% (2/15) in Gaziantep province. N.fowleria and Sappina species were not detectedin both of the cities. DNA sequence analysis was performed for the confirmation of the species and 99% of the results were similar to the other species in GenBank. The rates of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba griffinii (T3) were determined as %66.6 (6/9) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively by DNA sequencing. Distribution of Acanthamoeba species according to the cities were 33.3% (3/9) for A.castellanii and 22.2% (2/9) for A.griffini in Adana. It was 33.3% (3/9) for A.castellanii and 11.1% (1/9) for A.griffini in Gaziantep. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the parasite species among cities (p> 0.1). It is important to raise awareness of the diseases caused by free living amoebae among people. Acanthamoeba species have been reported frequently from environmental materials in Turkey, but B.mandriallis has not been reported from any environmental sample since this study. The presence of B.mandriallis has been reported in the air-conditions of houses in this study. This result shows that people have risk in terms of illness of free living amoebae in living areas. Our study emphasized that firstly the health personnel and then the people should be informed about the deadly parasites and the cleaning of the air conditions should be done in certain periods.

Özet

Serbest yaşayan amipler insanlarda ve hayvanlarda Acanthamoeba keratiti, granülomatöz amibik ensefalit, primer amibik meningoensefalit gibi çeşitli enfeksiyonlara neden olmaktadır. Günümüze kadar insanlarda hastalığa neden olan serbest yaşayan amipler arasında yer alan Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia mandriallis, Naegleria fowleria ve Sappinia türleri birçok çevresel örnekten izole edilmiş ancak, insanların evlerinde havalandırma amacıyla kullandıkları klimalardaki filtrelerden izole edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, araştırma bölgesinde yaşayan insanların evlerinde kullandıkları klimaların filtrelerinde serbest yaşayan amiplerin varlığının moleküler yöntemlerle araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Adana ve Gaziantep il merkezlerindeki toplam 30 evde bulunan klimaların filtrelerinden toz örnekleri alınmıştır. Toz örneklerindeki patojenlere ait DNA’lar DNeasy PowerSoil kiti (Qiagen, Almanya) ile elde edilerek Acanthamoeba cinsi, B.mandriallis, N.fowleria ve Sappinia türlerine özgü primerler ile çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Adana ilinde %33.3 (5/15) oranında Acanthameba spp., %6.6 (1/15) oranında B.mandriallis izolatı bulunmuştur. Diğer yandan, Gaziantep ilinde %26.6 (4/15) oranında Acanthamoeba spp., %13.3 (2/15) oranında B.mandriallis izolatı saptanmıştır. Her iki şehirde de N.fowleria veya Sappina türlerine rastlanmamıştır. Tür düzeyinde doğrulama amacıyla DNA dizi analizi yapılmış ve sonuçlar %99-100 oranında Gen Bankasındaki diğer türler ile benzerlik göstermiştir. DNA dizi analizi ile çalışmada izole edilen Acanthamoeba’ların %66.6 (6/9)’sının Acanthamoeba castellanii (T4), %33.3 (3/9)’ünün Acanthamoeba griffini (T3) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Acanthamoeba türlerinin şehirlere göre dağılımında Adana’da %33.3 (3/9) A.castellanii, %22.2 (2/9) A.griffini; Gaziantep’de ise %33.3 (3/9) A.castellanii ve %11.1 (1/9) A.griffini olduğu saptanmıştır. Parazitlerin şehirler arasındaki dağılımında anlamlı bir fark (p > 0.1) görülmemiştir. Serbest yaşayan amiplerin neden olduğu hastalıklar hakkında toplumun bilinçlendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda Türkiye’deki çevresel materyallerden Acanthamoeba spp. çok sık bildirilmekte birlikte, B.mandriallis rapor edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada klimalarda bulunan toz partiküllerinde B.mandriallis’in varlığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç insanların yaşam alanlarında serbest yaşayan amiplerin hastalıkları açısından risk taşıdıklarını göstermektedir. Öncelikle sağlık personelinin, daha sonra halkın ölümcül olan parazitler konusunda bilgilendirilmesi ve belirli dönemlerde evlerde klima temizliğinin yapılması gerektiği vurgulanmalıdır.

🔖

Cite This Article

EROĞLU, F. (2018). Isolation of Balamuthia mandriallaris Parasite from air Conditioning of the Houses in South and Southeast of Turkey. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 52 - Sayı: 3, 284–292. https://ajindex.com/articles/298321

References (13)

  1. Farra A, Bekondi C, Tricou V, Mbecko JR, Talarmin A. Free-living amoebae isolated in the Central Africn Republic: epidemiological and molecular aspects. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 1: 26-57
  2. Taravaud A, Ali M, Lafosse B, et al. Enrichment of free-living amoebae in biofilms developed at upper water levels in drinking water storage towers: an inter-and intra-seasonal study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 21: 157-66
  3. Saygı G, Polat Z. Free-living amebae and the parasitosies they case (primary amebic meningoencephalitisgranulomatous encephalitis-keratitis). Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2003; 25(3): 140-9
  4. Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandriallaris, Naegleria fowleria, and Sappinia diploidea. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 50(1): 1-26
  5. Özcel’in Tıbbi Parazit Hastalıkları Özcel, Özbel, Ak (eds). 2007, pp: 309-21. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayını, No: 22. İzmir
  6. Schroeder JM, Booton GC, Hay J. Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR and sequencing for genus and genotype identification of Acanthamoeba from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39(5): 1903-11
  7. Sheehan KB, Fagg JA, Ferris MJ, Henson JM. PCR detection and analysis of the free-living amoeba Naegleria in hot springs in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69(10): 5914-8
  8. Taravaud A, Ali M, Lafosse B, et al. Enrichment of free-living amoebae in biofilms developed at upper water levels in drinking water storage towers: an inter-and intra-seasonal study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 633: 157-66
  9. Qvarnstrom Y, da Silva AJ, Schuster FL. Molecular confirmation of Sappinia pedata as a causative agent of amoebic encephalitis. J Infect Dis 2009; 199(8): 1139-42
  10. Perez-Mota J, Solorio-Ordaz F, Cervabtes-de Gortari J. Flow and air conditioning simulations of computer turbinectomized nose models. J Med Biol Eng Comput 2018.
  11. Retana-Moreira L, Snadi EA, Cabello-Vilchez C, et al. Isolation and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia mandrillaris from combinaton shower units in Costa Rica. Parasitol Res 2014; 113(11): 4117- 22
  12. Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandriallaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 50(1): 1-26
  13. Yünlü Ö, Özçelik S, A