Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2019 / Cilt: 53 - Sayı: 1

Performance of MALDI-TOF MS for the Identification of Gram-negative Bacteria Grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) Agar: A Simple Method for Improving the Effectiveness of Identification

MALDI-TOF MS’nin EMB Agarda Üreyen Gram-negatif Bakterileri Tanımlama Performansı: Tanı Etkinliğini Arttıran Basit Bir Yöntem

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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Statistical analyses indicated that the washing procedure defined here significantly increased the overall ID performance of MALDI-TOF MS with EMB agar (p= 0.001), particularly with improving the IDs of those markedly dye-absorbing genera, such as E.coli and A.baumannii.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a new method that is increasingly used in microbiology laboratories due to its ability of reliable and rapid identification (ID) of bacteria and fungi.
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Key Findings & Data:Though EMB agar is one of the traditional gram-negative selective media, there is no data in the scientific literature, about the ID performance of MALDI TOF MS with the gram-negative bacteria grown on this medium.
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Conclusion & Impact:Statistical analyses indicated that the washing procedure defined here significantly increased the overall ID performance of MALDI-TOF MS with EMB agar (p= 0.001), particularly with improving the IDs of those markedly dye-absorbing genera, such as E.coli and A.baumannii.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a new method that is increasingly used in microbiology laboratories due to its ability of reliable and rapid identification (ID) of bacteria and fungi. However, some problems emerge in the routine clinical diagnosis since only one gram-negative selective medium has been suggested up to date. Though EMB agar is one of the traditional gram-negative selective media, there is no data in the scientific literature, about the ID performance of MALDI TOF MS with the gram-negative bacteria grown on this medium. In this study, we tested the ID performance of MALDI-TOF MS for gram-negative isolates on EMB agar and aimed to develop a rapid and easy sample preparation method for improving this performance. A total of 468 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, consisting of 37 different species from 20 genera, were included in this study. The isolates were identified using the Vitek MS MALDI-TOF MS (Bio Mérieux, France) both directly from EMB agar, and also through a two-step colony washing (once with physiologic saline, and three times with 70% ethanol) method. The performances of these two IDs were compared. In the direct reading from EMB medium, 382 (81.6%) of 468 studied isolates were correctly identified at species level; no ID was detected for 80 (17%) isolates, and 6 (1.2%) isolates (four at the genus level) were misidentified Performance of MALDI-TOF MS directly from EMB agar was excellent (100%) for 14 species including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella spp., and Proteus mirabilis; and lowest for Providencia spp. (62.5%), Escherichia coli (70.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (70.7%). Following the washing procedure which was performed about 20 min with simple laboratory equipment, 434 (92.7%) isolates were correctly identified at species level; 30 (6.4%) strains could not be identified, and four (0.85%) isolates (two at the genus level) were misidentified. Statistical analyses indicated that the washing procedure defined here significantly increased the overall ID performance of MALDI-TOF MS with EMB agar (p= 0.001), particularly with improving the IDs of those markedly dye-absorbing genera, such as E.coli and A.baumannii. In this study, EMB agar which has no data until today on its suitability for mass spectrometric identification has been shown to be useful for bacterial identification with MALDI-TOF MS. In addition, the unidentified gram-negative bacteria in the direct reading from the EMB medium have been shown to be identified after the colony washing method as described here. Determination of the different medium alternatives will contribute to effective usage of MALDI-TOF MS in microbiology laboratories.

Özet

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), bakteriyel ve fungal patojenleri doğru ve hızlı tanımlaması nedeniyle mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarlarında kullanımı artan yeni bir yöntemdir. Ancak, bu yöntemle yapılacak tanımlamalarda günümüze kadar tek bir gram-negatif seçici besiyerinin önerilmiş olması rutin klinik tanıda bazı sorunlara neden olmaktadır. EMB agar, yaygın olarak kullanılan geleneksel bir gram-negatif seçici besiyeri olmakla birlikte MALDI TOF MS’nin bu besiyerinde üreyen gram-negatif bakterileri tanımlama etkinliği hakkında bilimsel literatürde bilgi yoktur. Bu çalışmada, MALDI-TOF MS’nin EMB agarda üreyen gram-negatif bakterileri tanımlama performansının saptanması ve bu performansı arttırıcı basit ve hızlı bir örnek hazırlama yönteminin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 20 farklı cins ve 37 farklı türden olmak üzere 468 gram-negatif klinik izolat çalışmaya alınmıştır. İzolatların EMB agarda üreyen kolonileri hem direkt ve hem de iki aşamalı koloni yıkama işlemi (bir kez serum fizyolojik, üç kez %70 etanol ile yıkama) sonrasında Vitek MS (Bio Mérieux, Fransa) MALDI-TOF MS cihazı ile tanımlanmıştır. Her iki tanımlamaya ait veriler istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. EMB agar besiyerinden direkt okumada, çalışılan 468 izolatın 382’si (%81.6) tür düzeyinde doğru olarak tanımlanmıştır, 80 (%17) izolat tanımlanamamış ve 6 (%1.2) izolat (dördü cins düzeyinde) ise yanlış tanımlanmıştır. Direkt okumada MALDI-TOF MS’in tanı performansı Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella spp. ve Proteus mirabilis’in de içinde bulunduğu 14 tür için mükemmel (%100) iken, en düşük tanı performansı Providencia spp. (%62.5), Escherichia coli (%70.5) ve Acinetobacter spp. (%70.7) için saptanmıştır. Ortalama 20 dakika süren ve basit laboratuvar malzemeleri ile gerçekleştirilebilen yıkama işlemi sonrası, 434 (%92.7) izolat tür düzeyinde doğru olarak tanımlanmıştır, 30 (%6.4) izolat tanımlanmamıştır ve 4 (%0.85) izolat (ikisi cins düzeyinde) ise yanlış tanımlanmıştır. İstatistiksel veri analizi, tanımladığımız koloni yıkama işleminin besiyerinden yoğun boya absorbe eden E.coli ve A.baumannii gibi türler başta olmak üzere EMB agarda üreyen gram-negatif bakterilerin MALDITOF MS ile tanımlama oranını toplamda anlamlı düzeyde arttırdığını göstermiştir (p= 0.001). Bu çalışmada, kütle spektrometrik tanımlamaya uygunluğu hakkında bu güne kadar veri bulunmayan EMB agarın, MALDI-TOF MS ile yapılacak bakteriyel tanımlamada kullanılabileceği ve EMB besiyerinden direkt okumada tanımlanamayan gram-negatif bakterilerin burada açıkladığımız koloni yıkama işlemi sonrasında tanımlanabilecekleri ortaya konulmuştur. Farklı besiyeri alternatiflerinin belirlenmesi, MALDI-TOF MS’nin mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarlarında daha etkin kullanımına katkı sağlayacaktır.

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Cite This Article

YAKUPOĞULLARI, Y., OTLU, B., ÇELİK, B., BAĞ, H. G. G. (2019). Performance of MALDI-TOF MS for the Identification of Gram-negative Bacteria Grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) Agar: A Simple Method for Improving the Effectiveness of Identification. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 53 - Sayı: 1, 1–11. https://ajindex.com/articles/298313

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