Journals / Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi / 2020 / Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 3

Diağnosis and Laboratory Features of the Childhood Acute Leukemias

Çocukluk Çağ ı Akut Lo semilerinin Tanı ve Laboratuvar Ö zellikleri

Pages
296–300
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Family physicians and pediatricians do not comply with the characteristics we have summarized, children with suspicion of leukemia should be provided by the Pediatric HematoloOncologists

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The leukemias may be defined as a group of malignant diseases in which genetic abnormalities in a hematopoietic cell give rise to an unregulated clonal proliferation of cells.
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Key Findings & Data:Leukemias account for 30% of childhood cancers, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 75% of leukemias.
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Conclusion & Impact:Family physicians and pediatricians do not comply with the characteristics we have summarized, children with suspicion of leukemia should be provided by the Pediatric HematoloOncologists
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The leukemias may be defined as a group of malignant diseases in which genetic abnormalities in a hematopoietic cell give rise to an unregulated clonal proliferation of cells. Leukemias account for 30% of childhood cancers, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 75% of leukemias. Ionizing radiation, chemical agents, drugs and some genetic diseases are some risk risk factors that cause leukemia. The most common complaints are fever, mucosal hemorrhage, pallor, pain in the long bones Leukemias are suspected to the history, phyical examination, blood count and biochemistry and supported by atypical cell monitoring in peripheral blood smear. Bone marrow samples are taken from the patients, morphological, immunological and genetically examine for a definitive diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the findings and laboratory features of the patients with leukemia who diagnosed in our clinic. One hundred and two patients were included in the study who were diagnosed with acute leukemia in a tertiary health care university hospital, Complaints, physical examination and laboratory findings of patients were retrospectively recorded. The data were evaluated using SPSS 17.0 software. The most common primary presentation complaints of patients with a median age of 6,5 years (0,7-17 years) were fever, fatigue and bone pain. Sixty three per cent hepatomegaly, 61% lymphadenopathy and 50% splenomegaly were found in physical examination. Pancytopenia was found in 55/102 (54%) and bisitopenia 37/102 (36%) isolated anemia in 10/102 (10%) patients. While no isolated thrombocytopenia or neutropenia was detected, neutropenia + thrombocytopenia was observed in three patients with normal hemoglobin age. In blood biochemistry, LDH and uirc acide were found higher than normal levels in patients 91% and 33%, respectively. Most of the patients with ALL who made up 85% of the patients complied with preB immunophenotype and standard (low) risk group. Survival rates of survival have been achieved over the years, while treatment according to risk class, treatment with minimal residual disease and advanced care services are the main factors. Patients with fever, hemorrhage and/or bone pain and who have organomegaly and lymphadenopathy are detected in physical examination, normositer anemia and LDH elevation were the leading causes of leukemia in pediatric patients. Family physicians and pediatricians do not comply with the characteristics we have summarized, children with suspicion of leukemia should be provided by the Pediatric HematoloOncologists

Özet

Genetik anomallik içeren hematopoietik hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalmaları lösemi olarak adlandırılır. Çocukluk çağı kanserlerinin %30’unu lösemiler, lösemilerin %75’ini akut lenfoblastik lösemi (ALL) oluşturur. İyonize radyasyon, kimyasal ajanlar, ilaçlar ve bazı genetik hastalıklar lösemi oluşturan bazı risk faktörleriyken; ateş, mukozal kanamalar, solukluk, kemik ve eklemlerde ağrı en sık başvuru yakınmalarıdır. Öykü, fizik inceleme, kan sayımı ve biyokimyası ile şüphe doyulan lösemi hastalığının tanısı, periferik kan yaymasında atipik hücre izlenmesi ile desteklenir. Hastaların kemik iliğinden alınan örneklerin morfolojik, immünolojik ve genetik incelemelerinin sonucunda kesin tanı konulur. Araştırmada kliniğimizde tanı alan lösemili hastaların başvuru bulgularını ve laboratuvar özelliklerini irdelemeyi amaçladık. Bu araştırmada üçüncü basamak sağlık hizmeti veren bir üniversite hastanesi Çocuk Hematoloji-Onkoloji Bilim Dalında akut lösemi tanısı alan 102 hastanın; yakınma, fizik inceleme ve laboratuvar bulguları retrospektif kayıt altına alındı. Verilerin değerlendirmesi SPSS 17.0 programı kullanılarak yapıldı. Ortanca yaşları 6,5 yıl (0,7-17 yıl) olan hastaların en sık birincil başvuru yakınmaları sırasıyla ateş, halsizlik ve kemik ağrısı olurken fizik incelemelerde %63 hepatomegali, %61 lenfadenopati ve %50 splenomegali saptandı. Pansitopeni 55/102 (%54), bisitopeni 37/102 (%36) izole anemi 10/102 (%10) hastada saptandı. İzole trombositopeni veya nötropeni saptanmazken, başvuruda yaşına göre normal düzeyde hemoglobine sahip 3 hastada nötropeni + trombositopeni olduğu görüldü. Kan biyokimyasında LDH düzeyi %91, ürik asid %33 hastada çalışılan testin üst sınırından yüksek saptandı. Hastaların %85’ini oluşturan ALL’li olguların çoğu ‘preB’ immünfenotipe ve standart (düşük) risk grubuna uymaktaydı. Sağ kalım oranlarında yıllar içerisinde büyük başarı yakalanırken, bu sonuçlarda risk sınıfına göre tedavi, minimal kalıntı hastalıkla tedavi yönetimi ve gelişmiş bakım hizmetleri ana etmendir. Ateş, kanama ve kemik ağrısı yakınmalarının eşlik ettiği organomegali ve lenfadenopatinin fizik incelemede saptandığı olgularda normositer anemi ve LDH yüksekliği çocuk hastalarda ilk karşılaşmada lösemi öntanısını ilk sıraya çıkarmaktadır. Aile hekimleri ve pediatristlerin özetlediğimiz özelliklere uymasa da lösemi şüphesi olan çocukların Çocuk Hematolo-Onkologları tarafından değerlendirmesini sağlanmaları şarttır.

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Cite This Article

TÖRET, E., KAR, Y. D., TURHAN, A. B., ÖZDEMİR, Z. C., BÖR, Ö. (2020). Diağnosis and Laboratory Features of the Childhood Acute Leukemias. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 3, 296–300. https://ajindex.com/articles/287668

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