Journals / Medical Network Klinik Bilimler ve Doktor / 2001 / Cilt: 7 - Sayı: 2

Gaucher disease: Importance of bone marrow aspiration in diagnostic approach

Gaucher hastalığı: Tanısal yaklaşımda kemik iliği aspirasyonunun önemi

Pages
176–180
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Examination of bone marrow aspiration must be performed for the diagnosis of Gaucher disease which has became a disease for which treatment may increase the quality of life at least symptomatically.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Defficiency of glycocerebrosidase enzyme activity, also known as cerebroside lipidosis, is a chronic familial lipid storage disease characterized by deposition of cerebroside (keratin) in the reticulum cells of the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow.
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Key Findings & Data:Physical examination revealed: height: 131 cm (50 percentile of 8.5 years), body weight: 35.5 kg (50 percentile of 11 years), arm span: 129 cm, vertex-pubis: 66 cm, pubis-heals: 65 cm.
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Conclusion & Impact:Examination of bone marrow aspiration must be performed for the diagnosis of Gaucher disease which has became a disease for which treatment may increase the quality of life at least symptomatically.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Tanı teknik ve işlemleri · Biyopsi · iğne

Abstract

Defficiency of glycocerebrosidase enzyme activity, also known as cerebroside lipidosis, is a chronic familial lipid storage disease characterized by deposition of cerebroside (keratin) in the reticulum cells of the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow. In this report we present a case of Gaucher disease hospitalized for the identification of the etiology of hepatosplenomegaly in whom diagnosis was made with bone marrow aspiration. An eleven year old girl applied to our clinic with the complaints of abdominal mass, abdominal distension and growth retardation. Physical examination revealed: height: 131 cm (50 percentile of 8.5 years), body weight: 35.5 kg (50 percentile of 11 years), arm span: 129 cm, vertex-pubis: 66 cm, pubis-heals: 65 cm. There were no pubic or axillary hair, and breast development was at Tanner stage 1. Other physical findings were normal. Laboratory data were as follows: erythrocyte sedimentation rate 63 mm/h; hemoglobin: 11.9 g/dl; hematocrit 35%; WBC: 5300/mm3; platelets: 107000/mm3. Erythrocytes were hypochromic and microcytic on peripheral blood smear. Blood biochemistry, urinalysis, ASO, CRP, Latex RF, vitamin B12, folate and ferritin were normal. Antinuclear antibody and Anti-DNA were negative. On ultrasonographic examination longitudinal axis of the liver was 17 cm with a prominently heterogenous paranchyma; the spleen was longer than 18 cm, and an accessory spleen was noted. On histopathologic examination of the needle aspiration biopsy of the liver there was reactive changes and swelling of hepatocytes, but PAS staining was negative. Portal system and splenic vein were normal on splenoportography. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy revealed Gaucher cells which stained positively with PAS. Serum glycosyl ceramidase enzyme activity was found to be 0 (zero) nmol/h/mg protein and the diagnosis of Gaucher disease was established. This case shows that negative PAS staining in liver biopsy can not discard the diagnosis of Gaucher disease, and thus bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy must be performed especially for the detection of storage diseases when investigating the etiology of hepatosplenomegaly. Enzyme replacement therapy (Alglucerase ve Imiglucerase) decreases organomegaly by 50 % and provides a more qualified life. But, expensiveness of enzyme infusion is a major diasadvantage of tis treatment modality. Examination of bone marrow aspiration must be performed for the diagnosis of Gaucher disease which has became a disease for which treatment may increase the quality of life at least symptomatically.

Özet

Cerebroside lipidosis olarak da bilinen glikoserebrosidaz enzim aktivite yokluğu nedeni ile dalak, karaciğer, lenf düğümleri ve kemik iliğinde retikulum hücreleri içinde serebrozit (kerazin) toplanması ile giden kronik ailevi bir hastalık olan Gaucher hastalığı (GH) bir lipid depo hastalığıdır. Biz hepatosplenomegali etyolojisi araştırılmak üzere yatırılan ve tanıyı kemik iliği aspirasyonu ile koyduğumuz bir olguyu takdim ediyoruz. 11 yaşında kız çocuğu karında kitle, büyüme ve gelişme geriliği nedeni ile başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde boy: 131 cm (percentil 8.5 yaşın %50'si), ağırlık: 35.5 kg (11 yaşın %50'si) idi. Kulaç mesafesi: 129 cm, vertex-pubis: 66 cm, pubis-topuk: 65 cm idi. Pubik ve aksiller kıllanma mevcut değil ve meme gelişimi Tanner Evre 1 idi. Diğer fizik muayene bulguları normaldi. Sedimentasyon hızı 63 mm/saat, Hb: 11.9 g/dl, Htc: %35, BK: 5300/mm3, trombosit: 107000/mm3 idi, periferik yaymada eritrositler hipokrom mikrositer idi. Kan Biyokimyası, tam idrar tetkiki, ASO, CRP, Latex, Vitamin B12, Folat ve Ferritin normal idi. Antinükleer antikor ve Anti-DNA negatif idi. Batın ultrasonu: Karaciğer parankimi belirgin heterojen, uzun aks 17 cm, dalak 18 cm den büyük ve aksesuar dalak mevcut idi. Serum bakır, seruloplasmin ve idrarda bakır düzeyi normaldi. Karaciğer biyopsisinde reaktif değişiklikler ve hepatositlerde şişme dışında bir özellik mevcut değildi, ve PAS boyaması negatif idi. Splenoportografide portal sistem ve splenik ven normal bulundu. Kemik iliği aspirasyonunda dev Gaucher hücreleri tesbit edildi ve PAS boyaması pozitif idi. Serum glikozil seramidaz enzim aktivitesi 0 (sıfır) nmol/saat/mg protein olarak geldi ve Gaucher hastalığı tanısı konuldu. Bu vaka hepatosplenomegali etyolojisi araştırılırken, Gaucher hastalığında karaciğer biyopsisinde PAS boyamasının negatif olabileceğini ve hastalığı ekarte ettirmeyeceğini, bu yüzden kemik iliği aspirasyonu ve biyopsisinin özellikle depo hastalıkları açısından araştırılmasının önemini göstermektedir. Enzim replasman tedavisi (Alglucerase ve Imiglucerase) ile organomegali %50 oranında azalmakta ve daha kaliteli bir yaşam sunulma imkanı olabilmektedir. Ancak enzim infüzyonlarının çok pahalı olması tedavinin dezavantajını oluşturmaktadır. Semptomatik olarak da olsa kaliteli yaşam sağlanabilen bir hastalık durumuna gelen Gaucher tanısı için kemik iliği aspirasyonu mutlaka yapılmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

ÇAKIR, B., GÜLER, S., YILMAZ, A. S., GÜLER, T., YANIK, O., ACAR, Y., GÜRSOY, G., EKİNCİ, C. (2001). Gaucher disease: Importance of bone marrow aspiration in diagnostic approach. Medical Network Klinik Bilimler ve Doktor, Cilt: 7 - Sayı: 2, 176–180. https://ajindex.com/articles/278662

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