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References (1)

1. Governmental service of export control in Ukraine, http://www.dsecu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article;jsessionid=3149C29630A468DA1A39798 A0532411C?art_id=37683&cat_id=35125 [ Date Accessed: 10.05.2014]. For economic growth it is not only necessary that knowledge be generated or imported, it must also be disseminated or – in other words – diffused throughout the entire economy as rapidly and broadly as possible. The diffusion of knowledge – i.e. above all technical knowledge – is described in this empirical model by the number of standards. Standards are an excellent indicator of knowledge diffusion due to their following characteristics: As opposed to patents, standards are not normally subject to intellectual property rights and therefore any company can obtain them for a low price that covers the cost of the standardization process, which is carried out in non-profit organizations. Internal knowledge from companies is supplemented by knowledge from research and scientific organizations, as well as that from specialists with particular interests – e.g. consumer protection or occupation health and safety. Standards are developed which contain a considerable amount of technological knowledge in codified form. In our empirical analysis these standards are described as a body of documents, that is, new documents increase this body while withdrawn documents decrease it. This assumption is realistic because the consistency of the body of standards is continually being evaluated to avoid duplication of work and discrepancies. Figure 3. shows the Fund of standards in Ukraine – including those of national, European and international origin – from 2008 to 2013. The graphic shows that this body continually grew throughout this time period. The sudden downturn in 2012 was a result of the simultaneous withdrawal without replacement is not current regulation. BESFAMIL'NAYA L.V., REZCHIKOV, V.I., FALCON L.G., SHVANDAR, V.A., 1988. Ekonomika standartization, metrologii and quality. Izdatel'stvo of standartov, Moskov, 312s. BICHKIVSKIY R., STOLYARCHUK P. 2004. Metrologiya, standardization, quality management, certification, Publishing house of university “Lviv politekhnika”, Lviv,559 s. BLIND K., GRUPP H., JUNGMITTAG A., September 2000. The Influence of Innovation and Standardisation on Macroeconomic Development: The Case of Germany, Paper to 1st IEEE Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology, Aachen. British Standards Institution, (BSI): http