Journals / Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 8 - Sayı: 1

Implementation of ANN Training with Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Plate Region Detection Problem on FPGA

Plaka Bölgesi Tespiti Problemi için Yapay Arı Koloni Algoritması ile YSA Eğitiminin APKD’de Gerçeklenmesi

Pages
446–457
Publication Date
2021-06-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In the study, ANN architecture was designed to solve the problem of vehicle license plate region detection and trained on FPGA with ABC algorithm. 98.82% success of the trained network in the test data showed that the ANN trained on FPGA made a good generalization and the synthesis results showed that the application could be realized with only 9% area consumption in FPGA.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Recently, evolutionary algorithms with global search feature are frequently used as an alternative to algorithms that require derivative knowledge in Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trainings.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In the study, IEEE 754 floating point number format, which has high sensitivity and dynamism features, was chosen.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In the study, ANN architecture was designed to solve the problem of vehicle license plate region detection and trained on FPGA with ABC algorithm. 98.82% success of the trained network in the test data showed that the ANN trained on FPGA made a good generalization and the synthesis results showed that the application could be realized with only 9% area consumption in FPGA.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:FPGA · ANN · ABC

Abstract

Recently, evolutionary algorithms with global search feature are frequently used as an alternative to algorithms that require derivative knowledge in Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trainings. In this study, ANN training was carried out on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) with the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, one of the evolutionary algorithms. Number format and activation function approach is important in terms of cost, speed and error sensitivity in FPGA-based implementation. In the study, IEEE 754 floating point number format, which has high sensitivity and dynamism features, was chosen. Since the hardware implementation of the exponential function is difficult, a mathematical approach was used in the hardware implementation of the activation function. In the study, ANN architecture was designed to solve the problem of vehicle license plate region detection and trained on FPGA with ABC algorithm. 98.82% success of the trained network in the test data showed that the ANN trained on FPGA made a good generalization and the synthesis results showed that the application could be realized with only 9% area consumption in FPGA.

Özet

Son zamanlarda Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) eğitimlerinde türev bilgisi gerektiren algoritmalara alternatif olarak küresel arama özelliğine sahip evrimsel algoritmalar sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada YSA eğitimi, evrimsel algoritmalardan Yapay Arı Koloni (YAK) algoritması ile Alan Programlanabilir Kapı Dizileri (APKD) üzerinde donanımsal gerçekleştirilmiştir. APKD tabanlı gerçeklemede sayı formatı ve aktivasyon fonksiyonu yaklaşımı maliyet, hız ve hata duyarlılığı açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada yüksek hassasiyet ve dinamiklik özelliklerine sahip IEEE 754 kayan noktalı sayı formatı seçilmiştir. Üssel fonksiyonun donanımsal gerçeklenmesinin zor olması nedeni ile aktivasyon fonksiyonunun donanımsal gerçeklenmesinde matematiksel yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada araç plaka bölgesi tespiti probleminin çözümüne yönelik YSA mimarisi tasarlanmış ve YAK algoritması ile APKD üzerinde eğitilmiştir. Eğitilen ağın test verilerindeki %98.82 başarımı, APDK üzerinde eğitilen YSA’nın iyi bir genelleme yaptığını ve sentezleme sonuçları, uygulamanın APDK’da sadece %9’luk alan tüketimi ile gerçekleştirilebildiğini göstermiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÇAVUŞLU, M. A. (2021). Implementation of ANN Training with Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Plate Region Detection Problem on FPGA. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 8 - Sayı: 1, 446–457. https://ajindex.com/articles/251472

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (13)

  1. Merchant, S., Peterson, G. & Kong, S. (2006). Intrinsic Embedded Hardware Evolution of Block-based Neural Networks, International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems & Algorithms, 26-29 Haziran
  2. Karakuzu, C. & Öztürk, S. (2000). A Comparison of fuzzy, neuro and classical control techniques based on an experimental application, Journal of Quafquaz University, 6, 189-198
  3. Çavuşlu, M.A., Karakaya, F. & Altun, H. (2008). ÇKA Tipi Yapay Sinir Aği Kullanılarak Plaka Yeri Tespitinin FPGA’da Donanımsal Gerçeklenmesi, Akıllı Sistemlerde Yenilikler ve Uygulamalar Sempozyumu
  4. Issa A. H., Humod A.T. & Gitaffa S.A. (2021). Fpga Implementation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Controller for Mobile Robot, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 44 (1), 254-264
  5. Chun-Hsian Huang, (2021). An FPGA-Based Hardware/Software Design Using Binarized Neural Networks for Agricultural Applications: A Case Study, IEEE Access, 9, 26523 - 26531
  6. Tobias Schindler; Armin Dietz. (2020). Real-Time Inference of Neural Networks on FPGAs for Motor Control Applications, 10th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)
  7. Li, X. & Areibi, S. (2004). A Hardware Software Co-design Approach for Face Recognaiton, 16th International Conference on Microelectronics, 6-8 Aralık
  8. Narendra, K. S. & Parthasaraty, K. (1990). Identification and Control of Dynamical Systems Using Neural Network, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networkworks, 1, 4-27
  9. Economou, G.P.K., Mariatos, E.P. Economopoulos, N.M., Lymberopoulos, D. & Goutis, C.E. (1994). FPGA implementation of artificial neural networks: an application on medical expert systems, Fourth International Conference on Microelectronics for Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems
  10. Mandal, S. K., Sural, S. & Patra, A. (2008). ANN- and PSO-Based Synthesis of On-Chip Spiral Inductors for RF ICs, IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 27(1), 188- 192
  11. Ferrari, S. & Jensenius, M. (2008). A constrained optimization approach to preserving prior knowledge during incremental training, IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 19(6), 996–1009
  12. Wilamowski, B. & M., Chen, Y.(1999). Efficient algorithm for training neural networks with one hidden layer”, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 3, 1725-1728
  13. Karaboga, D. (2007). Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm on Training Artificial Neural Networks, IEEE 15th Signal Processing and Communicati