Journals / Anestezi Dergisi / 2007 / Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 4

Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Risk factors and treatment

Postoperatif bulantı-kusma: Risk faktörleri ve tedavi

Pages
203–213
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Despite all these therapeutic choices, cost benefit is an important predictor in planning the therapy.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Worldwide annually, approximately 80-100 million operations are performed under general anesthesia.
📊
Key Findings & Data:For various reasons, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are recorded in 20-30% of the procedures during the first 24 hours.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Despite all these therapeutic choices, cost benefit is an important predictor in planning the therapy.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Risk faktörleri · Terapötikler · Temas sonrası profilaksi

Abstract

Worldwide annually, approximately 80-100 million operations are performed under general anesthesia. For various reasons, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are recorded in 20-30% of the procedures during the first 24 hours. This population includes both the patients without any risk factors and the patients with important risk factors that can be determined before the procedure. Nausea and vomiting are considered as an important symptom because they decrease the quality of life even more than postoperative pain and cause anxiety. Furthermore, they can cause complications such as dehydration, electrolite imbalance, aspiration, pneumonia; separation of the incision scar, haemorrhage which may lead to medical therapy or secondary surgery procedures. Such complications result in loss of time, money and manpower. Recently prolonged post-operative hospital stays, complications and unplanned admissions illustrate the importance of the prevention, management and therapy of nausea and vomiting. The primary therapy for PONV is antimuscarinics, antihistaminics, dopamin D2 receptor antagonists and serotonin antagonists. Serotonin antagonists are effective, safe and have fewer side effects and therefore are preferred for nausea related to surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Antimuscarinics have anticolinergic, antihistaminics have sedation and dopamin antagonists have extrapyramidol side effects. Alternative methods like corticosteroids, sedatives, anxiolytics, substance-P antagonists and acupressure can be combined with the therapy for patient relief. Medications that affect different receptors and combination therapies are recommended for patients with risk factors. Despite all these therapeutic choices, cost benefit is an important predictor in planning the therapy.

Özet

Tüm dünyada yılda yaklaşık 80 ile 100 milyon hastaya genel anestezi altında cerrahi girişim uygulanmaktadır. Bunların % 20-30' unda çeşitli sebeplerle ilk 24 saat içerisinde bulantı ve kusma görülmektedir. Bulantı ve kusma; hastaların yaşam kalitesini ağrıdan daha fazla düşürür ve anksiyetelerini artırır. Gelişen dehidratasyon, elektrolit imbalansı, aspirasyon, pnömoni ve kanama gibi komplikasyonlar medikal tedaviye veya sekonder cerrahiye gereksinim doğurur. Gelişen her komplikasyon zaman, iş gücü ve maliyet açısından kayıp demektir. Günümüzde hastanede kalış süresinin uzaması, oluşan komplikasy onlar ve bunların tedavisi bulantı-kusmanın önlenmesini, yönetilmesini ve tedavisini önemli kılmaktadır. Postoperatif bulantı-kusmanın (POBK) primer tedavisi antimuskarinik, antihistaminik, dopamin D2 reseptör antagonistleri ve serotonin antagonistleri gibi farklı mekanizmalar ile etki eden ajanlar ile yapılabilmektedir. Serotonin antagonistleri, cerrahiye, kemoterapiye ve radyoterapiye bağlı oluşan bulantı ve kusmalarda etkinlik, güvenilirlik ve yan etki azlığı sebebi ile diğerlerinin önüne geçmektedir. Antimuskariniklerin antikolinerjik, antihistaminiklerin sedasyon, dopamin antagonistlerinin ise ekstrapiramidal yan etkileri mevcuttur. Kortikosteroidler, sedatifler, anksiyolitikler, substance-P (nörokinin-1) antagonistleri ve akupres gibi alternatif yöntemler ise primer tedaviye ek olarak kullanılabilecek ve cerrahi sonrası hastaları rahatlatabilecek diğer tedavi şekilleridir. Riskli hastalarda farklı reseptörler üzerinden etki gösteren ilaçların seçilmesi ve kombine tedavi uygulanması önerilmektedir. Tüm bu tedavi seçeneklerine karşılık maliyet hesabı da tedavi planının Bir parçası olmalıdır.

🔖

Cite This Article

ALKIŞ, N., YILMAZ, A. A., ŞALVIZ, E. A. (2007). Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Risk factors and treatment. Anestezi Dergisi, Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 4, 203–213. https://ajindex.com/articles/214016

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (19)

  1. Scholz J, Steinfath M, Tonner P. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cur Opin Anaesthesiol 1999; 12, 657-61
  2. Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 693-700
  3. Stadler M, Bardiau F, Seidel L, Albert A, Boogaerts JG. Difference in risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology 2003; 98: 46-52
  4. Kapur PA. The big 'little problem'. Anesth Analg 1991; 73: 243-5
  5. Wilder-Smith OH, Martin NC, Morabia A. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: a comparative survey of the attitudes, perceptions, and practice of Swiss anesthesiologists and surgeons. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 826-31
  6. Camu F, Lauwers MH, Verbessem D. Incidence and aetiology of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Eur J Anesth 1992; 6: 25-31
  7. Watcha MF, White PF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Its etiology, treatment, and prevention. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 162-84
  8. Fisher DM. The 'big little problem' of postoperative nausea and vomiting: do we know the answer yet? Anesthesiology 1997; 87: 1271-3
  9. Rose JB, Watcha MF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 104-17
  10. Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients. Anesth Analg. 1999; 89: 652-8
  11. Gold BS, Kitz DS, Kecky JH, Neuhous JM. Unanticipated admission to the hospital following ambulatory surgery. JAMA 1989; 262: 3008-10
  12. Carroll NV, Miederhoff P, Cox FM, Hirsch JD. Postoperative na usea and vomiting after discharge from outpatient surgery centers. Anesth Analg. 1995; 80: 903-9
  13. Andrews PL. Physiology of nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth 1992; 69 (suppl 1): S2-S19
  14. Borison HL. Area postrema: chemoreceptor circumventricular or gan of the medulla oblongata. Prog Neurobiol 1989; 32: 351-90
  15. Swenson EJ, Orwin FK. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. In Orwin FK, Cooperman LH eds. Complications in Anesthesiology. Pennsylvania. Lippincott Company, 1983: 429-436
  16. Sinclair DR, Chung F, Mezei G. Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted? Anesthesiology. 1999; 91: 109-18
  17. Kenny GN. Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia 1994; 49: 6-10
  18. Jolley S. Managing post-operative nausea and vomiting. Nurs S tand 2001; 15: 47-52
  19. Kranke P, Apfel CC, Papenfuss T ve ark. An increased