SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Research on Education and Psychology / 2026 / Volume: 10

Development and Validation of the Appearance Influence and Body Satisfaction Scale (AIBSS)

İsmail Kuşci(TOKAT GAZIOSMANPASA UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-2178-8429
Vedat Bakır(KUTAHYA DUMLUPINAR UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5458-5110
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-10-23
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Further evaluation with clearly independent and more diverse samples is needed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study developed and evaluated the Appearance Influence and Body Satisfaction Scale (AIBSS), a Turkish measure of two distinct aspects of body image.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Exploratory factor analysis (n = 213) supported two subscales: Sociocultural Appearance Influence (11 items) and Body Satisfaction (6 items).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Further evaluation with clearly independent and more diverse samples is needed.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Body image · Body satisfaction · Measurement invariance

Abstract

This study developed and evaluated the Appearance Influence and Body Satisfaction Scale (AIBSS), a Turkish measure of two distinct aspects of body image. Exploratory factor analysis (n = 213) supported two subscales: Sociocultural Appearance Influence (11 items) and Body Satisfaction (6 items). Confirmatory factor analysis using a second dataset (n = 360) showed good model fit (CFI = .951, TLI = .942, RMSEA = .065). The factors were nearly uncorrelated (r = −.072), supporting separate scoring and interpretation. Sociocultural Appearance Influence was positively associated with appearance anxiety and perfectionism and negatively associated with self-esteem; Body Satisfaction showed the reverse pattern. Internal consistency was high for both subscales in the confirmatory dataset (α = .896–.925; ω = .894–.917). The AIBSS offers a brief measure for research on sociocultural appearance influence and body satisfaction. Further evaluation with clearly independent and more diverse samples is needed.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kuşci, İ., Bakır, V. (2026). Development and Validation of the Appearance Influence and Body Satisfaction Scale (AIBSS). Research on Education and Psychology, Volume: 10. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.2044186

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (40)

  1. Avalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2(3), 285-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002
  2. Cash, T. F. (2000). The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire users' manual. Available from the author at www.body-images.com.
  3. Cash, T. F. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (Vol. 1, pp. 334-342). Academic Press.
  4. Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. (Eds.). (2002). Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice. Guilford Press.
  5. Cash, T. F., & Smolak, L. (Eds.). (2011). Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  6. Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
  7. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
  8. Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Galla, B. M. (2020). The Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness Scale: Development and validation with adolescents. Body Image, 33, 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.017
  9. Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1985). Gençlerde benlik saygısı ile ilgili bir araştırma [Unpublished specialty thesis]. Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  10. Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0897-1897(05)80008-4
  11. Doğan, T. (2010). Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği'nin (SGKÖ) Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) to Turkish: A validity and reliability study]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39, 151-159.
  12. Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
  13. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
  14. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  15. Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
  16. Griffiths, S., Hay, P., Mitchison, D., Mond, J. M., McLean, S. A., Rodgers, B., Massey, R., & Paxton, S. J. (2016). Sex differences in the relationships between body dissatisfaction, quality of life and psychological distress. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 40(6), 518-522. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12538
  17. Grogan, S. (2021). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children (4th ed.). Routledge.
  18. Hart, E. A., Leary, M. R., & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). The measurement of social physique anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 94-104. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.11.1.94
  19. Hart, T. A., Flora, D. B., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and examination of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Assessment, 15(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107306673
  20. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  21. Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289447
  22. Jorgensen, T. D., Pornprasertmanit, S., Schoemann, A. M., & Rosseel, Y. (2022). semTools: Useful tools for structural equation modeling (R package version 0.5-6) [Computer software]. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=semTools
  23. Kolsallayan, A., & Kazak, Z. (2021). Fiziksel Görünüş Mükemmeliyetçiliği Ölçeği: Türk egzersiz katılımcıları için psikometrik bir değerlendirme [The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale: A psychometric evaluation for Turkish exercise participants]. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(2), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-78922
  24. Kuşci, I., Bakır, V., & Arpaci, I. (2025). Adaptation of the social media self-presentation scale to Turkish culture: A psychometric validation study. Current Psychology, 44, 17105–17118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08421-7
  25. Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Psychology Foundation.
  26. Michikyan, M., Dennis, J., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2015). Can you guess who I am? Real, ideal, and false self-presentation on Facebook among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814532442
  27. Mitchison, D., Mond, J., Bussey, K., Griffiths, S., Trompeter, N., Lonergan, A., Pike, K. M., Murray, S. B., & Hay, P. (2020). DSM-5 full syndrome, other specified, and unspecified eating disorders in Australian adolescents: prevalence and clinical significance. Psychological Medicine, 50(6), 981-990. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719000898
  28. Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(4), 683-698. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016763
  29. Öngören, B., Durdu, Z., İpek Dongaz, Ö., Bayar, B., & Bayar, K. (2021). Görünümle ilişkili sosyal medya bilinç ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of the Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness Scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability]. Karya Journal of Health Science, 2(2), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.901294
  30. Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004
  31. Rodgers, R. F., McLean, S. A., & Paxton, S. J. (2015). Longitudinal relationships among internalization of the media ideal, peer social comparison, and body dissatisfaction: Implications for the tripartite influence model. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 706-713. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000013
  32. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  33. Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
  34. Sharpe, H., Patalay, P., Choo, T.-H., Wall, M., Mason, S. M., Goldschmidt, A. B., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2018). Bidirectional associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms from adolescence through early adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 30(4), 1447-1458. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001663
  35. Stice, E., Marti, C. N., & Durant, S. (2011). Risk factors for onset of eating disorders: Evidence of multiple risk pathways from an 8-year prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(10), 622-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.009
  36. Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10312-000
  37. Tiggemann, M., & Polivy, J. (2010). Upward and downward: Social comparison processing of thin idealized media images. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34(3), 356-364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.01581.x
  38. Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(6), 630-633. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22141
  39. Yang, H., & Stoeber, J. (2012). The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9260-7
  40. Yılmaz, Ö., Boz, H., & Arslan, A. (2017). Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeğinin (DASS 21) Türkçe kısa formunun geçerlilik-güvenilirlik çalışması [The validity and reliability of Depression Stress and Anxiety Scale (DASS21) Turkish short form]. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 78-91.