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Journals / Politeknik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 29 Sayı: 4

Improving The Performance of Enhanced Flooded Batteries With Carbon Nano Tubes

Karbon Nano Tüp Katkı Maddeleri ile Güçlendirilmiş Sulu Akülerin Performansının İyileştirilmesi

Yıldırım Eydemir(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ)0000-0003-4460-9670
Mustafa Bahadır Özdemir(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ, ENERJİ SİSTEMLERİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0001-7801-9367
Pages
1–9
Publication Date
2026-06-03
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Experimental results demonstrated that Recipe 2, in which CNT was added to both NAM and PAM, delivered the most significant improvements, showing higher CCA retention over 60 days, superior dynamic charge acceptance, and extended cycle life compared to standard batteries.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Enhanced Flooded Batteries (EFBs) are becoming increasingly important for start-stop and micro-hybrid electric vehicles due to their cost efficiency and ability to withstand frequent charge-discharge cycles.
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Key Findings & Data:In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT) additives were incorporated into both the negative active material (NAM) and positive active material (PAM) to evaluate their effects on electrochemical performance.
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Conclusion & Impact:Experimental results demonstrated that Recipe 2, in which CNT was added to both NAM and PAM, delivered the most significant improvements, showing higher CCA retention over 60 days, superior dynamic charge acceptance, and extended cycle life compared to standard batteries.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kurşun-asit akü · Güçlendirilmiş sulu akü (EFB) · Karbon nanotüp (CNT)

Abstract

Enhanced Flooded Batteries (EFBs) are becoming increasingly important for start-stop and micro-hybrid electric vehicles due to their cost efficiency and ability to withstand frequent charge-discharge cycles. In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT) additives were incorporated into both the negative active material (NAM) and positive active material (PAM) to evaluate their effects on electrochemical performance. Four different battery recipes were designed, including a standard formulation and three CNT-based variations. The batteries were characterized according to EN 50342-1 and EN 50342-6 standards, with specific emphasis on cold cranking amperes (CCA), charge acceptance (CA), capacity (C20), and endurance under partial state-of-charge (PSoC) conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that Recipe 2, in which CNT was added to both NAM and PAM, delivered the most significant improvements, showing higher CCA retention over 60 days, superior dynamic charge acceptance, and extended cycle life compared to standard batteries. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the beneficial effect of CNT addition on the morphological stability of both plates, reducing sulfation and enhancing conductivity. These findings highlight the potential of CNT-enhanced EFBs to meet the demanding requirements of micro-hybrid vehicles, offering both technological innovation and industrial competitiveness.

Özet

Start-stop ve mikro hibrit elektrikli araçlarda düşük maliyetli ve sık şarj-deşarj döngülerine dayanıklı yapıları nedeniyle güçlendirilmiş sulu aküler (EFB) giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, karbon nanotüp (CNT) katkılarının elektrokimyasal performans üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla, negatif aktif malzeme (NAM) ve pozitif aktif malzeme (PAM) içerisine CNT ilave edilmiştir. Standart formülasyon ve üç farklı CNT bazlı varyasyonu içeren dört farklı akü reçetesi tasarlanmıştır. Aküler EN 50342-1 ve EN 50342-6 standartlarına göre test edilmiş; soğuk marş akımı (CCA), şarj kabulü (CA), kapasite (C20) ve kısmi şarj durumu (PSoC) koşullarındaki dayanım incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, hem NAM hem de PAM’a CNT ilave edilen Reçete 2’nin en yüksek iyileştirmeleri sağladığını göstermiştir. Bu tasarım, 60 gün boyunca CCA değerinin daha iyi korunması, üstün dinamik şarj kabulü ve standart akülere kıyasla daha uzun çevrim ömrü sunmuştur. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) analizleri, CNT katkısının her iki plakada da morfolojik stabiliteyi artırarak sülfatlaşmayı azalttığını ve iletkenliği iyileştirdiğini doğrulamaktadır. Bu bulgular, CNT katkılı EFB’lerin mikro hibrit araçların zorlu gereksinimlerini karşılamada güçlü bir aday olduğunu ve hem teknolojik yenilik hem de endüstriyel rekabet açısından önemli fırsatlar sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Eydemir, Y., Özdemir, M. B. (2026). Improving The Performance of Enhanced Flooded Batteries With Carbon Nano Tubes. Politeknik Dergisi, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 4, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1816338

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