Journals / Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: ISRIS 2026 Özel Sayı

Foreign trade, human capital and economic growth dynamics: The case of MINT Countries

MINT ülkelerinde dış ticaret, insan sermayesi ve ekonomik büyüme dinamikleri: Panel ARDL analizi

Fırat Cem Doğan(HASAN KALYONCU ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2398-1484
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-10-25
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The empirical results indicate that exports are positively and statistically significantly associated with economic growth in both the short and long run, whereas imports exhibit a negative and statistically significant relationship with growth in both periods.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the relationships among economic growth, foreign trade, and human capital in MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Türkiye) over the 2000–2022 period.
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Key Findings & Data:The empirical results indicate that exports are positively and statistically significantly associated with economic growth in both the short and long run, whereas imports exhibit a negative and statistically significant relationship with growth in both periods.
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Conclusion & Impact:Since the analysis does not distinguish among different types of exports and imports or between individual components of human capital, more specific policy implications concerning trade composition, education, and health require further investigation.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2000–2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Ekonomik Büyüme · MINT Ülkeleri · Dış Ticaret

Abstract

This study examines the relationships among economic growth, foreign trade, and human capital in MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Türkiye) over the 2000–2022 period. The study focuses on the short-f and long-run relationships of exports, imports, and human capital with economic growth in emerging market economies. Using annual panel data, the analysis employs a Panel ARDL framework to capture both short- and long-run dynamics. The empirical results indicate that exports are positively and statistically significantly associated with economic growth in both the short and long run, whereas imports exhibit a negative and statistically significant relationship with growth in both periods. Human capital also shows a positive and statistically significant relationship with economic growth in both the short and long run. In addition, the negative and statistically significant error-correction coefficient indicates that short-run deviations adjust toward long-run equilibrium over time. These findings suggest that foreign trade and human capital are important factors in examining the growth performance of MINT countries. From a policy perspective, the results highlight the importance of supporting export performance, carefully considering the role of imports in the growth process, and maintaining policies that promote human capital development. Since the analysis does not distinguish among different types of exports and imports or between individual components of human capital, more specific policy implications concerning trade composition, education, and health require further investigation.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 2000–2022 döneminde MINT ülkelerinde (Meksika, Endonezya, Nijerya ve Türkiye) ekonomik büyüme, dış ticaret ve beşerî sermaye arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Çalışmada, gelişmekte olan piyasa ekonomilerinde ihracatın, ithalatın ve beşerî sermayenin ekonomik büyüme ile kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkileri ele alınmaktadır. Yıllık panel verilerin kullanıldığı analizde, kısa ve uzun dönem dinamiklerinin birlikte incelenebilmesi amacıyla Panel ARDL yaklaşımından yararlanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, ihracatın hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme ile pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık ithalatın, her iki dönemde de ekonomik büyüme ile negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki sergilediği görülmektedir. Beşerî sermayenin de kısa ve uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme ile pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı hata düzeltme katsayısı, kısa dönemli sapmaların zaman içerisinde uzun dönem dengesine doğru düzeltildiğine işaret etmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, MINT ülkelerinin büyüme performansının değerlendirilmesinde dış ticaret ve beşerî sermayenin birlikte dikkate alınmasının önemine işaret etmektedir. Politika açısından sonuçlar, ihracat performansını destekleyen uygulamaların, ithalatın büyüme sürecindeki rolünün dikkatle değerlendirilmesinin ve beşerî sermayenin geliştirilmesine yönelik politikaların sürdürülmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, analizde farklı ihracat ve ithalat türleri ile beşerî sermayenin alt bileşenleri ayrı ayrı incelenmediğinden, ticaretin yapısı ile eğitim ve sağlık alanlarına ilişkin daha spesifik politika çıkarımları için ilave araştırmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Doğan, F. C. (2026). Foreign trade, human capital and economic growth dynamics: The case of MINT Countries. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: ISRIS 2026 Özel Sayı. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1943274

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