Journals / Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Dental Polishing Systems and Surface Quality of Restorative Materials: A Narrative Review of Material Science and Clinical Realities

Dental Cila Sistemleri ve Restoratif Materyallerin Yüzey Kalitesi: Materyal Bilimi ve Klinik Gerçekler Üzerine Geleneksel Bir Derleme

Ayşem Aktu(Near East University)0000-0002-7597-9095
Pages
252–260
Publication Date
2026-08-04
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Finishing and polishing constitute the "final signature" of the restorative procedure, essential for preserving periodontal health and ensuring esthetic stability.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Surface roughness (Ra) in restorative dentistry is a critical determinant affecting plaque accumulation, gingival health, and color stability.
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Key Findings & Data:Ra values exceeding the 0.2 µm threshold significantly increase bacterial adhesion and secondary caries risk.
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Conclusion & Impact:Finishing and polishing constitute the "final signature" of the restorative procedure, essential for preserving periodontal health and ensuring esthetic stability.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2002 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Dental polisaj · Yüzey pürüzlülüğü · Kompozit rezinler

Abstract

Surface roughness (Ra) in restorative dentistry is a critical determinant affecting plaque accumulation, gingival health, and color stability. Ra values exceeding the 0.2 µm threshold significantly increase bacterial adhesion and secondary caries risk. This narrative review aims to classify contemporary dental polishing systems, elucidate their abrasive mechanisms, and evaluate their clinical efficacy across different restorative materials in light of current literature. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles published primarily between 2002 and 2024. Keywords including 'dental polishing', 'surface roughness', 'resin composites', and 'bacterial adhesion' were utilized to identify relevant in vitro and clinical studies. Following the literature analysis, it was observed that polishing systems vary by abrasive composition (aluminum oxide, diamond, silicon carbide) and application protocols. Furthermore, the review emphasizes that while one-step diamond-impregnated systems offer clinical time efficiency, multi-step protocols following sequential grit reduction remain the "gold standard" for eliminating microscopic irregularities. Achieving a smooth restoration surface is not merely an esthetic enhancement but a biological necessity for long-term success. No universal polishing system is suitable for all materials; therefore, clinicians must adopt material-specific protocols. Finishing and polishing constitute the "final signature" of the restorative procedure, essential for preserving periodontal health and ensuring esthetic stability.

Özet

Restoratif diş hekimliğinde yüzey pürüzlülüğü; plak birikimi, diş eti sağlığı ve renk stabilitesini etkileyen kritik bir belirleyicidir. Ra değerlerinin 0,2 µm eşik değerini aşması, bakteriyel adezyonu ve sekonder çürük riskini önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Bu derleme, güncel dental polisaj sistemlerini sınıflandırmayı, aşındırma mekanizmalarını aydınlatmayı ve farklı restoratif materyaller üzerindeki klinik etkinliklerini güncel literatür ışığında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Polisaj sistemleri, aşındırıcı bileşimlerine (alüminyum oksit, elmas, silikon karbür) ve uygulama protokollerine göre değişkenlik göstermektedir. Literatür analizi sonucunda, tek aşamalı elmas emdirilmiş sistemlerin klinik zaman verimliliği sunmasına rağmen, ardışık gren boyutunu azaltma prensibini izleyen çok aşamalı protokollerin mikroskobik düzensizliklerin giderilmesinde halen "altın standart" olduğu saptanmıştır. Restorasyonun "cilalanabilirliği" (polishability), doğrudan dolgu-matriks yapısı tarafından belirlenmektedir; özellikle nanofil kompozitler, "seçici kopma" (plucking) ve yüzey çıkıntılarına yatkın mikrohibritlere kıyasla daha homojen aşınma ve üstün parlaklık koruma özellikleri sergilemektedir. Ayrıca; dönme hızı, basınç dinamikleri ve suyla soğutma gibi operatöre bağlı değişkenler, termal hasarı önlemede ve yüzey bütünlüğünü korumada hayati rol oynamaktadır. Pürüzsüz bir restorasyon yüzeyi elde etmek sadece estetik bir iyileştirme değil, aynı zamanda uzun vadeli başarı için biyolojik bir zorunluluktur. Tüm materyaller için geçerli evrensel bir polisaj sistemi bulunmamaktadır; bu nedenle klinisyenler materyale özgü protokolleri benimsemelidir. Bitirme ve polisaj işlemleri; periodontal sağlığın korunması ve estetik stabilitenin sağlanması için elzem olan, restoratif prosedürün "son imzası"nı oluşturmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Aktu, A., Düzgün, M. (2026). Dental Polishing Systems and Surface Quality of Restorative Materials: A Narrative Review of Material Science and Clinical Realities. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1868013

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