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Journals / Sakarya University Journal of Science / 2025 / Volume: 29 Issue: 6

Examination of Load-Independent Parameters of Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy Samples Depending on Semi-Empirical Mechanical Models

Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy numunelerinin yükten bağımsız parametrelerinin yarı ampirik mekanik modellere bağlı olarak incelenmesi

Ali Mercan(BOLU ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-4495-3674
Muhammed Öz(BOLU ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-0049-0161
Tahsin Turgay(SAKARYA UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-0304-1097
Gürcan Yıldırım(BOLU ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-5177-3703
Pages
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Publication Date
2025-12-23
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Results show that Hv values are strongly dependent on the substitution level that the sample with x = 0.1 molar ratio demonstrates the highest mechanical strength and durability under applied forces because of the formation of effective slip systems, force barrier zones, and stress regions within the Bi-2212 ceramic matrix.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study investigates how the main mechanical properties and behavior of Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy ceramic compounds change with different levels of barium substitution, using standard microindentation hardness (Hv) tests in the load range of 0.245-2.940 N.
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Key Findings & Data:Results show that Hv values are strongly dependent on the substitution level that the sample with x = 0.1 molar ratio demonstrates the highest mechanical strength and durability under applied forces because of the formation of effective slip systems, force barrier zones, and stress regions within the Bi-2212 ceramic matrix.
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Conclusion & Impact:Among these, the IIC model provided the most accurate description of the microindentation hardness data for the mechanical characterization of Bi₂.₁₋ₓBaₓSr₂.₀Ca₁.₁Cu₂.₀Oᵧ ceramic compounds.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Bi-2212 ceramic structure · Ba/Bi substitution · Original microhardness features

Abstract

This study investigates how the main mechanical properties and behavior of Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy ceramic compounds change with different levels of barium substitution, using standard microindentation hardness (Hv) tests in the load range of 0.245-2.940 N. Results show that Hv values are strongly dependent on the substitution level that the sample with x = 0.1 molar ratio demonstrates the highest mechanical strength and durability under applied forces because of the formation of effective slip systems, force barrier zones, and stress regions within the Bi-2212 ceramic matrix. In other words, the presence of an optimal amount of barium ions lowers crack surface energy and reduces stored internal strains. In addition, load-independent hardness values in the saturation region were determined using five semi-empirical models; Hays-Kendall (HK), indentation-induced cracking (IIC), Meyer’s Law (ML), proportional sample resistance (PSR), and elastic/plastic deformation (EPD) techniques for the first time. Among these, the IIC model provided the most accurate description of the microindentation hardness data for the mechanical characterization of Bi₂.₁₋ₓBaₓSr₂.₀Ca₁.₁Cu₂.₀Oᵧ ceramic compounds.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 0.245-2.940 N yük aralıklarında gerçekleştirilen standart mikro indentasyon sertliği (Hv) test ölçümlerini kullanarak Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy seramik bileşiklerinin ana mekanik performansının ve mekanik karakteristik davranışının değişimiyle ilgilenmektedir. Hv parametre değerlerinin ikame düzeyine güçlü bir şekilde bağlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu bakımdan x=0,1 molar oranıyla hazırlanan Bi-2212 numunesi, kristal yapıda yeni kayma sistemleri, kuvvet bariyer bölgeleri ve gerilme bölgelerinin oluşması nedeniyle uygulanan kuvvetlere karşı en yüksek mekanik mukavemeti ve dayanıklılığı göstermektedir. Başka bir deyişle Bi-2212 ana seramik matrisinde ideal baryum iyonlarının varlığı, çatlak yüzey enerjisinin ve depolanan iç gerilmelerin azalmasına neden olur. Ayrıca, Hays-Kendall (HK), girinti kaynaklı çatlama (IIC), Meyer Yasası (ML), orantısal numune direnci (PSR) ve elastik/plastik deformasyon (EDP) teknikleri dahil olmak üzere mevcut beş yarı deneysel mekanik yaklaşımı dikkate alarak doyma sınır bölgelerindeki yükten bağımsız sertlik parametrelerini ilk kez araştırıyoruz. Yapılan incelemeye göre IIC modelinin, Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy seramik bileşiklerinin mekanik karakterizasyonu için orijinal mikrosertlik parametrelerini tanımlayan en iyi yaklaşım olduğu bulunmuştur.

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Cite This Article

Mercan, A., Öz, M., Turgay, T., Yıldırım, G. (2025). Examination of Load-Independent Parameters of Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy Samples Depending on Semi-Empirical Mechanical Models. Sakarya University Journal of Science, Volume: 29 Issue: 6. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1687983

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