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Journals / Research in Agricultural Sciences / 2026 / Volume: 57 Issue: 2

Drivers of Agricultural Energy Efficiency in the Netherlands: Raw Material Imports, Land Use, and Fossil Fuel Consumption

Hollanda'da Tarımsal Enerji Verimliliğinin Belirleyicileri: Hammadde İthalatı, Arazi Kullanımı ve Fosil Yakıt Tüketimi

Mustafa Naimoğlu(BINGOL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-7445-6789
Sefa Özbek(TARSUS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, GÜMRÜK İŞLETME BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-1043-2056
Mehmet Metin Dam(AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-3980-7832
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-05-19
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings reveal that agricultural raw materials imports, agricultural land, and value added per worker positively influence agricultural energy effectiveness.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study investigates the factors influencing agricultural energy effectiveness in the Netherlands during the period 1990-2022.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The explanatory variables include agricultural raw materials imports, agricultural land, agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added per worker, agriculture, forestry, and fishing natural gas use, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing oil use.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings reveal that agricultural raw materials imports, agricultural land, and value added per worker positively influence agricultural energy effectiveness.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Agricultural energy effectiveness · Agricultural energy use · Agricultural labor effectiveness

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing agricultural energy effectiveness in the Netherlands during the period 1990-2022. The explanatory variables include agricultural raw materials imports, agricultural land, agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added per worker, agriculture, forestry, and fishing natural gas use, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing oil use. Advanced time-series techniques incorporating Fourier functions were employed. Unit root testing was conducted using standard ADF and Fourier ADF tests, while cointegration analysis utilized the Fourier Engle-Granger test. Long- and short-term coefficients were estimated through Fourier-augmented FMOLS and CCR, with DOLS serving as a robustness check. The findings reveal that agricultural raw materials imports, agricultural land, and value added per worker positively influence agricultural energy effectiveness. Conversely, natural gas and oil use in agriculture, forestry, and fishing negatively impact energy effectiveness. These results highlight the importance of transitioning toward renewable energy sources and adopting energy-efficient technologies in agriculture to enhance sustainability. It is also important that policymakers develop programs such as tax exemptions, subsidies, and interest-free loans that would motivate agricultural enterprises to embrace and adapt to green energy systems. Additionally, the formulation of energy efficiency standards for agricultural irrigation systems, as well as the establishment of an institutional framework for monitoring the standards, is seen as vital.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 1990-2022 döneminde Hollanda'da tarımsal enerji etkinliğini etkileyen faktörleri araştırmaktadır. Açıklayıcı değişkenler arasında tarımsal hammadde ithalatı, tarım arazisi, tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılıkta işçi başına katma değer, tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılıkta doğal gaz kullanımı ve tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılık yağı kullanımı yer almaktadır. Fourier fonksiyonlarını içeren gelişmiş zaman serisi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Birim kök testi, standart ADF ve Fourier ADF testleri kullanılarak yürütülürken, eşbütünleşme analizinde Fourier Engle-Granger testi kullanılmıştır. Uzun ve kısa vadeli katsayılar, Fourier destekli FMOLS ve CCR ile tahmin edilmiş olup, DOLS sağlamlık kontrolü görevi görmüştür. Bulgular, tarımsal hammadde ithalatının, tarım arazisinin ve işçi başına katma değerin tarımsal enerji etkinliğini olumlu yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Tersine, tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılıkta doğal gaz ve petrol kullanımı enerji etkinliğini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu sonuçlar, sürdürülebilirliği artırmak için yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçişin ve tarımda enerji açısından verimli teknolojilerin benimsenmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, politika yapıcıların, tarım işletmelerini yeşil enerji sistemlerini benimsemeye ve bunlara uyum sağlamaya teşvik edecek vergi muafiyetleri, sübvansiyonlar ve faizsiz krediler gibi programlar geliştirmesi de önemlidir. Ek olarak, tarımsal sulama sistemleri için enerji verimliliği standartlarının formüle edilmesi ve bu standartların izlenmesi için kurumsal bir çerçeve oluşturulması hayati önem taşımaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Naimoğlu, M., Özbek, S., Dam, M. M. (2026). Drivers of Agricultural Energy Efficiency in the Netherlands: Raw Material Imports, Land Use, and Fossil Fuel Consumption. Research in Agricultural Sciences, Volume: 57 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1737794

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