SavedAdd your journal

Journals / MTA Yerbilimleri ve Madencilik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 9

Podiform kromit yataklarının oluşumu ve arama ölçütleri

Yusuf Ziya Özkan(DAMA Mühendislik AŞ, Ankaralılar Cad. Azatbey Sit. 2562. Sok.9 No:1/14-A Çayyolu 06810 Ankara, Türkiye)0009-0005-1722-9228
Pages
1–22
Publication Date
2026-06-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Jeolojik, jeofizik ve jeokimyasal verilerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi; MCDA, AHP veya Bayesyen modellerle olasılık temelli arama haritalarının oluşturulması, en güvenilir stratejiyi sunmaktadır.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Podiform kromit yatakları, ofiyolitik karmaşıkların manto ultramafitleri içinde stratigrafik ve yapısal kontrol altında gelişen magmatik mineralizasyonlardır.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Bu çalışma, literatürde önerilen arama yaklaşımlarını değerlendirerek bunların uygulanabilirlik, başarı ve sınırlılıklarını incelemektedir.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Jeolojik, jeofizik ve jeokimyasal verilerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi; MCDA, AHP veya Bayesyen modellerle olasılık temelli arama haritalarının oluşturulması, en güvenilir stratejiyi sunmaktadır.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Podiform kromitit · jeolojik hedefleme · jeofizik hedefleme

Özet

Podiform kromit yatakları, ofiyolitik karmaşıkların manto ultramafitleri içinde stratigrafik ve yapısal kontrol altında gelişen magmatik mineralizasyonlardır. Öngörülemez konumları, çoğunun küçük boyutlu olması ve yoğun tektonik deformasyonlara uğramış olmaları nedeniyle keşifleri güçtür. Bu çalışma, literatürde önerilen arama yaklaşımlarını değerlendirerek bunların uygulanabilirlik, başarı ve sınırlılıklarını incelemektedir. Bulgular, bireysel kromit merceklerinin tespitinde çoklu veri entegrasyonunun zorunlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Podiform kromitler genellikle dunit–harzburjit geçiş zonlarında yer alır ve manto akışına bağlı yapısal doğrultularla uyum gösterir. Harzburjitlerdeki foliyasyon ve lineasyonlar, mercek konumlarının tahmininde büyük öneme sahiptir. Post-mineralizasyon faylanmaların analizi ise atıma uğramış gizli merceklerin belirlenmesinde değerlidir. Gravite ve manyetik yöntemler, fiziksel kontrastın zayıf olması ve serpantinleşmeye bağlı yanıltıcı anomaliler nedeniyle sınırlı başarı sağlar. Elektrik ve elektromanyetik yöntemler düşük iletkenlikten ötürü uygun değildir. Buna karşın mineral jeokimyası, özellikle spinel ve olivin bileşimlerinden türetilen göstergeler (Cr#, Mg#, OSMA, PGE desenleri) potansiyel kromitit alanlarını belirlemede etkili olabilir. Mobil Metal İyon (MMI) yöntemi ise örtülü yatakların tespitinde umut vaat etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, örtülü podiform kromit aramalarında tekil yöntemlerin yetersizliği nedeniyle veri bütünleştirme temelli hedefleme yaklaşımları öne çıkmaktadır. Jeolojik, jeofizik ve jeokimyasal verilerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi; MCDA, AHP veya Bayesyen modellerle olasılık temelli arama haritalarının oluşturulması, en güvenilir stratejiyi sunmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Özkan, Y. Z. (2026). Podiform kromit yataklarının oluşumu ve arama ölçütleri. MTA Yerbilimleri ve Madencilik Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 9, 1–22. https://ajindex.com/articles/1619854

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (106)

  1. Ahmed, A. H. 1982. Chromite mineralization in the Oman ophiolite. Economic Geology 77, 1548-1557.
  2. Ahmed, A. H., Arai, S. 2002. Unexpected high-PGE chromitite from the deeper mantle section of the northern Oman ophiolite and its tectonic implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143(3), 263-278.
  3. Akın, A. K. 1987. Kızılyüksek-Yataardıç (Karsantı/Adana) ÖİR.634 no.lu Sahanın Maden Jeolojisi Raporu. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Rapor No: 2252. Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  4. Arai, S. 1994. Compositional variation of olivine-chromian spinel in Mg-rich magmas as a guide to their residual spinel peridotites. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 59, 279-293.
  5. Arai, S. 1997. Control of wall-rock composition on the formation of podiform chromitites in the mantle. Resource Geology 47(4), 177-187.
  6. Arai, S., Ishimaru, S. 2008. Insights into petrological characteristics of the mantle wedge beneath arcs through peridotite xenoliths: A review. Journal of Petrology 49(4), 665-695.
  7. Arai, S., Yurimoto, H. 1995. Possible sub-arc origin of podiform chromitites. Island Arc 4(2), 104-114.
  8. Augé, T. 1987. Chromite deposits in the northern Oman ophiolite: Mineralogical constraints. Mineralium Deposita 22(1), 1-10.
  9. Ballhaus, C. 1998. Origin of podiform chromitites by magma mingling. Earth and Planetery Science Letters 156, 185-193.
  10. Bonham-Carter, G. F. 1994. Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists: Modelling with GIS. Pergamon Press, 398.
  11. Boudier, F., Nicolas, A. 1985. Harzburgite and lherzolite subtypes in ophiolitic and oceanic environments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 76(1–2), 84–92.
  12. Brown, M. 1980. Textural and geochemical evidence for the origin of some chromite deposits in the Oman ophiolite. In: Ophiolites: A. Panayiotou (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Ophiolite Symposium, 714-721, Geological Survey Department, Nicosia, Cyprus.
  13. Campbell, I. H., Murck, B. W. 1993. Petrology of the G and H chromitite zones in the Mountain View area of the Stillwater Complex. Journal of Petrology 34, 291-316.
  14. Carranza, E. J. M. 2009. Geochemical anomaly and mineral prospectivity mapping in GIS. Elsevier.
  15. Cassard, D., Nicolas, A., Rabinovitch, M., Moutte, J., Leblanc, M., Prinzhofer, A. 1981. Structural classification of chromite pods in southern New Caledonia. Economic Geology 76(3), 805-831.
  16. Ceuleneer, G. 1991. Evidence for a Paleo-Spreading Center in the Oman Ophiolite: Mantle Structures in the Maqsad Area. In: Peters, T., Nicolas, A., Coleman, R.G. (eds) Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere. Petrology and Structural Geology 5, Springer, Dordrecht.
  17. Ceuleneer, G., Nicolas, A. 1985. Sheared dikes in the peridotites of the Oman ophiolite and the transition from magmatic to plastic flow in the mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 72(3), 369-381.
  18. Coleman, R. G. 1977. Ophiolites. Springer-Verlag.
  19. Conder, J. A. 2005. A case for hot slab surface temperatures in numerical viscous flow models of subduction zones with improved fault zone parameterization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 149, 155-164.
  20. Davis, W. E., Jackson, W. H., Richter, D. H. 1957. Gravity prospecting for chromite deposits in Camaguey Province, Cuba. Geophysics 22(4), 848-869.
  21. Dickey, J. S. 1975. A hypothesis of origin for podiform chromite deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 39(7), 1061-1074.
  22. Dilek, Y., Furnes, H. 2011. Ophiolite genesis and global tectonics: Geochemical and tectonic fingerprinting of ancient oceanic lithosphere. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123(3-4), 387-411.
  23. Economou-Eliopoulos, M. 1996. Platinum-group element distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes: Implications for their exploration. Ore Geology Reviews 11, 363-381.
  24. Engin, T., Balcı, M., Sümer, Y., Özkan, Y. Z. 1983. Guleman (Elazığ) krom yataklan ve peridotit biriminin genel jeoloji konumu ve yapısal özellikleri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Dergisi 95/96, 77-100.
  25. Evans, J. G., Albers, J. P., Griscom, A., Wynn, J. C. Hasbrouck, W.P. 1984. Geological and geophysical studies of chromite deposits in the Josephine Peridotite, northwestern California and southwestern Oregon.(USGS Bulletin 1546 A-D).
  26. Evans, B. W. 2004. The serpentinite multisystem revisited: Chrysotile is metastable. International Geology Review 46(6), 479-506.
  27. Flint, D. E., Francisco de Albear, J., Guild, P. W. 1948. Geology and chromite deposits of the Camaguey District, Camagüey Province, Cuba (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 954-B, 61-62.
  28. Frasheri, A. 2013. Problems during geophysical exploration of chromite deposits. Kongresi i 7-te i Shoqates Gjeofizike te Ballkanit, 1-44.
  29. González-Jiménez, J.M., Griffin, W. L., Proenza, J. A., Gervilla, F., O’Reilly, S. Y., Akbulut, M., Pearson, N.J., Arai, S. 2014. Chromitites in ophiolites: How, where, when, why? Part II. The crystallization of chromitites. Lithos 189, 140-158.
  30. Greenbaum, D. 1977. The chromitiferous rocks of the Troodos ophiolite complex, Cyprus. Economic Geology 72, 1175-1194.
  31. Gunn, P.J., Dentith, M.C. 1997. Magnetic response associated with mineral deposits, in Gunn, P.J., ed., Airborne magnetic and radiometric surveys. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 17, 145-158.
  32. Hodel, F., Macouin, M., Trindade, R.I.F., Araujo, J.F.D.F., Respaud, M., Meunier, J. F., Cassayre, L., Rousse, S., Drigo, L., Schorne-Pinto, J. 2020. Magnetic Properties of Ferritchromite and Cr-Magnetite and Monitoring of Cr-Spinels Alteration in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 21(11), e2020GC009227.
  33. Holness, M. B., Vukmanovic, Z., O’Driscoll, B. 2023. The formation of chromite chains and clusters in igneous rocks. Journal of Petrology 64(1), 107123.
  34. Hoover, D. B., Heran, W. D., Hill, P. L. 1995. The geophysical expression of selected mineral deposit models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 95-831.
  35. Hornicka, E., Targosz, P., Loska, M., Wojdyla, M. 2020. Complex geophysical investigation in search of chromite deposits at Ljuboten Greenfield Site. In: NSG2020-3rd Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining, Conference Proceedings, 1-5, European Association of Geoscientists ve Engineers.
  36. Huang, X., Li, J., Kusky, T. M., Chen, Z. 2004. Microstructures of the Zunhua 2.50 Ga podiform chromite, North China Craton and implications for the deformation and rheology of the Archean oceanic lithospheric mantle. In: T. M. Kusky (Ed.), Precambrian Ophiolites and Related Rocks, 161-182, Elsevier.
  37. Huang, X., Li, J., Kusky, T. M., Chen, Z. 2021. Microstructures of the Zunhua 2.50 Ga podiform chromite, North China Craton and implications for the deformation and rheology of the Archean oceanic lithospheric mantle. Lithos 394-395, Article 106194.
  38. Idrus, A., Zaccarini, F., Garuti, G., Wijaya, I. G. N. K., Swamidharma, Y. C. A., Bauer, C. 2022. Origin of podiform chromitites in the Sebuku Island ophiolite (South Kalimantan, Indonesia): Constraints from chromite composition and PGE mineralogy. Minerals 12, 974.
  39. Irvine, T. N. 1975. Crystallization sequences in the Muskox intrusion and other layered intrusions—II. Origin of chromitite layers and similar deposits of other magmatic ores. Geochimica et osmochimica Acta 39(6), 991-1020.
  40. Irvine, T. N. 1977. Origin of chromitite layers in the Muskox intrusion and other stratiform intrusions: A new interpretation. Geology 5(5), 273-277.
  41. Jackson, E. D. 1961. Primary textures and mineral associations in the ultramafic zone of the Stillwater complex, Montana. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 358.
  42. Johnson, M. R. W. 1980. Chromite exploration in the Shetland ophiolite complex, Scotland. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section B, 89, 102-111.
  43. Kamenetsky, V. S., Crawford, A. J., Meffre, S. 2001. Factors controlling chemistry of magmatic spinel: An empirical study of associated olivine, Cr-spinel and melt inclusions from primitive rocks. Journal of Petrology 42, 655-671.
  44. Kelemen, P. B., Dick, H. J. B. 1995. Formation of harzburgite by pervasive melt/rock reaction in the upper mantle. Nature 373, 747-749.
  45. Kincaid, C., Sacks, I. S. 1997. Thermal and dynamical evolution of the upper mantle in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 102(B6), 12295-12315.
  46. Klein, F., Bach, W., McCollom T.M. 2013. Compositional controls on hydrogen generation 690 during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. Lithos 99, 377-386.
  47. Kushiro, I. 1969. The system forsterite-diopside-silica with and without water at high pressures. American Journal of Science 267-A, 269-294.
  48. Lago, B. L., Rabinowicz, M., Nicolas, A. 1982. Podiform chromite ore bodies: A genetic model. Journal of Petrology 23, 103-125.
  49. Leblanc, M. 1980. Chromite growth, dissolution and deformation from a morphological viewpoint: SEM investigations. Mineralium Deposita 15, 201-210.
  50. Leblanc, M. 1987. Chromite pods in the Oman ophiolite: A genetic model. Economic Geology 82(4), 10111021.
  51. Leblanc, M. 1991. Platinum-group elements and gold in ophiolitic complexes: distribution and fractionation from mantle to oceanic floor. T.J. Peters, A. Nicolas, R.G. Coleman (Eds.), Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of Oceanic Lithosphere. Petrology and Structural Geology, vol 5. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 231-260.
  52. Leblanc, M., Nicolas, A. 1992. Ophiolitic chromitites. International Geology Review 34(7), 653-686.
  53. Li, Y., Oldenburg, D. W. 1996. 3-D inversion of magnetic and gravity data. Geophysics 61(2), 394-408.
  54. Mann, A. W. 2013. Mobility of metal ions in the regolith and implications for exploration. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 13(2), 111122.
  55. Menzies, M. A., Allen, C. R. 1974. Plagioclase lherzoliteresidual mantle relationships within two eastern Mediterranean ophiolites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 45, 197-213.
  56. Mercier, J. C. C., Nicolas, A. 1975. Textures and fabrics of upper mantle peridotites as illustrated by xenoliths from basalts. Journal of Petrology 16(2), 454-487.
  57. Mohanty, W. K., Mandal, A., Sharma, S. P., Gupta, S., Misra, S. 2011. Integrated geological and geophysical studies for delineation of chromite deposits: A case study from Tangarparha, Orissa, India. Geophysics 76(5), B173-B185.
  58. Mosier, D. L., Singer, D. A., Moring, B. C., Galloway, J. P. 2012. Podiform chromite deposits - Database and grade and tonnage models. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 5157, 1-5.
  59. Murahwy, M., Spooner, E. T. C. 2015. Application of MMI geochemistry to chromite exploration in covered terrains: Case study from Black Creek, Ontario. Exploration Geochemistry Symposium Proceedings.
  60. Murck, B. W., Campbell, I. H. 1986. The effects of temperature, oxygen fugacity and melt composition on the behaviour of chromium in basic and ultrabasic melts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, 1871-1888.
  61. Nicolas, A. 1989. Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 367.
  62. Nicolas, A., Al Azri, H. 1991. Chromite-rich and chromitepoor ophiolites: The Oman case. T. Peters, A. Nicolas, R. G. Coleman (Eds.), Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere 5, 201215, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
  63. Nicolas, A., Ceuleneer, G., Boudier, F., Misseri, M. 1988. Structural mapping in the Oman ophiolites: Mantle diapirism along an oceanic ridge. Tectonophysics 151(1-4), 27-56.
  64. Nicolas, A., Poirier, J. P. 1976. Crystalline Plasticity and Solid-State Flow in Metamorphic Rocks. John Wiley ve Sons.
  65. Özkan, Y. Z. 1982. Guleman (Elazığ) ofiyolitinin jeolojisi ve petrolojisi. İstanbul Yerbilimleri 3(1-2), 295-312.
  66. Özkan, Y. Z. 2003. Ofiyolitlerin sünümlü deformasyon yapılanı - Üst mantonun plastik akışının kanıtları. In: D. Boztuğ ve N. Otlu (Eds.), Magmatik Petrojenez, TÜBİTAK Lisansüstü Yaz Okulu, JMO Yayınları No: 61, 411-444.
  67. Özkoçak, O. 1972. Alpin Tipindeki Kromit Yataklarının Özellikleri ve Araştırılması. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 11(2), 25-38.
  68. Özkoçak, A. 1974. Prospection géochimique des péridotites chromifères en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Rapor No: 5783. Ankara (yayımlanmamış).
  69. Paktunc, A. D. 1990. Origin of podiform chromite deposits by multistage melting, melt segregation and magma mixing in the upper mantle. Ore Geology Reviews 5(3), 211-222.
  70. Palacky, G. J. 1988. Resistivity characteristics of geologic targets. In: M. N. Nabighian (Ed.), Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics 1, 53-129, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
  71. Parlak, O., Dönmez, C. Arslan, E. 2025. Alpin-Tipi Kromitit Yataklarının Kökeni ve Cevher Potansiyelini Etkileyen Jeolojik Faktörler. Metalik Madenler Sempozyumu, 28-30 Mayıs 2025, Bildiriler Kitabı, 27-61, Adana.
  72. Parvar, K., Braun, A., Layton-Matthews, D., Burns, M. 2017. UAV magnetometry for chromite exploration in the Samail ophiolite sequence, Oman. Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 6, 57-69.
  73. Peters, T., Kramers, J. D. 1974. Chromite deposits in the ophiolite complex of northern Oman. Mineralium Deposita 9, 253-259.
  74. Porwal, A., Carranza, E. J. M., Hale, M. 2010. Weightsof-evidence and logistic regression modeling of magmatic nickel sulphide prospectivity in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Ore Geology Reviews 38(3), 184-196.
  75. Pour, A. B., Hashim, M. 2012. The application of ASTER remote sensing data to porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 44, 1-9.
  76. Quick, J. E. 1981. Petrology and origin of harzburgite and dunite from the Trinity peridotite, California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 78(4), 413-422.
  77. Reynolds, J. M. 2011. An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics (2nd ed.). WileyBlackwell.
  78. Rezayee, M. H., Khalaj, M., Mizunaga, H. 2023. Structural analysis and susceptibility inversion based on ground magnetic data to map the chromite mineral resources: A case study of the Koh Safi Chromite Ore Deposit, Parwan, Afghanistan.
  79. Roberts, S., Neary, C. R. 1993. Petrogenesis of ophiolitic chromitite. H. M. Prichard, T. Alabaster, N. B. Harris, C. R. Neary (Eds.), Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics 76, 257-272, Geological Society of London.
  80. Roeder, P. L., Reynolds, I. 1991. Crystallization of chromite and chromium solubility in basaltic melts. Journal of Petrology 32(5), 909-934.
  81. Rollinson, H. 2008. The geochemistry of mantle chromitites from the northern part of the Oman ophiolite: Inferred parental melt compositions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 156(3), 273-288.
  82. Sabins, F. F. 1999. Remote sensing for mineral exploration. Ore Geology Reviews 14(3-4), 157-183.
  83. Searle, M. P. 2014. Preserving Oman’s geological heritage: Proposal for establishment of World Heritage Sites, National GeoParks and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 392, 9-44.
  84. Shamsipour, P., Marcotte, D., and Chouteau, M. 2012. 3D stochastic joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data. Journal of Applied Geophysics 79, 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.12.012
  85. Shervais, J. W. 2001. Birth, death, and resurrection: The life cycle of suprasubduction zone ophiolites. GeochemistryGeophysicsGeosystems 2, 1-45.
  86. Stern, R. J. 2002. Subduction zones. Reviews of Geophysics 40(4), 1012.
  87. Stowe, C. W. 1994. Compositions and tectonic settings of chromite deposits through time. Economic Geology 89(3), 528-546.
  88. Syracuse, E. M., van Keken, P. E., Abers, G. A. 2010. The global range of subduction zone thermal models. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 183(1-2), 73-90.
  89. Tatsumi, Y., Eggins, S. 1995. Subduction Zone Magmatism. Blackwell, Oxford, 211.
  90. Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., Sheriff, R. E. 1990. Applied geophysics (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press
  91. Thayer, T. P. 1964. Principal features and origin of podiform chromite deposits, and some observations on the Guleman-Soridağ district, Turkey. Economic Geology 59(8), 1497-1524.
  92. Thayer, T. P. 1969. Gravity differentiation and magmatic reemplacement of podiform chromite deposits. In Economic Geology Monograph 4, 132-146.
  93. Thayer, T. P. 1973. Chromite deposits of the world. Economic Geology Monograph 4, 1-46.
  94. Tzamos, E., Filippidis, A., Rassios, A., Grieco, G., Michailidis, K., Koroneos, A., Stamoulis, K., Pedrotti, M., Gamaletsos, P. N. 2016. Major and minor element geochemistry of chromite from the Xerolivado-Skoumtsa mine, southern Vourinos: Implications for chrome ore exploration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 165, 81-93.
  95. Ussher, G., Harvey, C., Johnstone, R., Anderson, E. 2000. Understanding the resistivities observed in geothermal systems. Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2000, 1915-1920, KyushuTohoku, Japan.
  96. Uysal, İ., Kapsiotis, A., Akmaz, R. M., Saka, S., Seitz, H. M. 2018. The Guleman ophiolitic chromitites (SE Turkey) and their link to a compositionally evolving mantle source during subduction initiation. Ore Geology Reviews 93, 98-113.
  97. Uysal, İ., Tarkian, M., Sadıklar, B., Zaccarini, F., Meisel, T., Garuti, G., Heidrich, S. 2009. Petrology of Al- and Cr-Rich Ophiolitic Chromitites From The Muğla, Sw Turkey: Implications From Composition of Chromite, Solid inclusions of Platinum-Group Mineral, Silicate, and Base-Metal Mineral, and Os-Isotope Geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 158(5), 659-674.
  98. Xiong vd., F., Yang, J., Robinson, P. T., Xu, X., Liu, Z., Li, Y., Li, J. Chen, S. 2015. Origin of podiform chromitite, a new model based on the Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet. Gondwana Research 27, 2, 525542.
  99. Yüngül, S. 1956. Prospecting for chromite with gravimeter and magnetometer over rugged topography in East Turkey. Geophysics 21, 433-454.
  100. Zhang, Y., Ren, Z., Hou, K. 2018. An improved logistic regression model based on a spatially weighted technique (ILRBSWT v1.0) and its application to mineral prospectivity mapping. Geoscientific Model Development, 11(7), 2525-2541.
  101. Zhou, M. F., Robinson, P. T. 1997. Origin and tectonic environment of podiform chromite deposits. Economic Geology 92, 2, 259-262.
  102. Zhou, M. F., Malpas, J., Robinson, P. T., Edwards, S., Qi, L. 1998. Podiform chromitites: Their petrogenesis and relationship to mantle processes. Journal of Petrology 39, 2279-2302.
  103. Zhou, M. F., Robinson, P. T., Bai, W. J. 1994. Formation of podiform chromitites by melt/rock interaction in the upper mantle. Mineralium Deposita 29, 98101.
  104. Zhou, M. F., Robinson, P. T., Malpas, J. 1996. Melt/mantle interaction and genesis of podiform chromite deposits in the Oman ophiolite: Evidence from trace element geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 125(3), 277-292.
  105. Zhou, M. F., Robinson, P. T., Su, B. 2018. Podiform chromitites in ophiolites: Formation processes and tectonic settings. Earth-Science Reviews 185, 195-222.
  106. Zhao, W., Li, C., He, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, J. 2023. Application of logistic regression and weights of evidence methods for mapping volcanic-type uranium prospectivity. Minerals 13(5), 608.