Journals / İnsan ve Toplum / 2026 / Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Factors Facilitating and Limiting Iran and China Relations in International Politics

Uluslararası Politika’da İran-Çin İlişkilerini Kolaylaştıran ve Sınırlandıran Faktörler

Engin Koç(BURSA TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-3682-8718
İbrahim Çetin(Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi)0000-0002-3100-945X
Pages
125–152
Publication Date
2025-09-02
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

By testing neorealism in the context of Iran-China relations, this article aims to contribute to the literature by analyzing the development of these relations and offering insights into their future trajectory.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Iran has been subject to U.S. sanctions since the revolution.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In recent years, relations between Iran and China, the two major powers of Eurasia, which were initially cold in the revolution’s early years, have evolved into a comprehensive strategic partnership.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:By testing neorealism in the context of Iran-China relations, this article aims to contribute to the literature by analyzing the development of these relations and offering insights into their future trajectory.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Neorealizm · Güç Dengesi · İran-Çin İlişkileri

Abstract

Iran has been subject to U.S. sanctions since the revolution. These sanctions have weakened and rendered its economy fragile. Furthermore, Iran requires substantial financing for its energy sector and infrastructure. Historically, Russia has posed a threat to Iran, and Moscow has at times disregarded Iranian interests in pursuit of closer ties with the United States. This has positioned China as an important ally for Iran. In recent years, relations between Iran and China, the two major powers of Eurasia, which were initially cold in the revolution’s early years, have evolved into a comprehensive strategic partnership. This study examines how and why Iran-China relations have developed within a neorealist framework since the Iranian Islamic Revolution. Additionally, this study seeks to identify the factors that facilitate and constrain relations between Iran (the Islamic Republic of Iran) and China (the People’s Republic of China). Neorealism evaluates states’ foreign policies regarding security, power, balance of power, national interests, and alliances. The study finds that Iran-China relations continue to develop based on security concerns, strategic objectives, power balance, and economic interests. The key factors facilitating the relationship between the two countries include shared strategic objectives, security concerns, efforts to balance power, and economic ties. Under the Belt and Road Initiative, China provides Iran with political, economic, military, and financial support, while Iran contributes to China’s energy security and, consequently, its economic development through its vast oil and natural gas reserves. Meanwhile, international sanctions imposed on Iran, regional rivalries, the potential deterioration of both countries’ relations with the United States, and reactions from Iranian public opinion emerge as limiting factors in their bilateral relations. By testing neorealism in the context of Iran-China relations, this article aims to contribute to the literature by analyzing the development of these relations and offering insights into their future trajectory.

Özet

İran, devrimden bu yana ABD’nin ambargolarına maruz kalmış bir ülkedir. Bu ambargolar ile ekonomisi zayıflamış ve kırılgan bir hale gelmiştir. Ayrıca, ülkenin enerji sektörü ve altyapısı için finansman ihtiyacı oldukça fazladır. Rusya ile ilişkilerinde tarihsel tehdit ve Rusya’nın bazen ABD ile yakınlaşabilmek için İran’ı dikkate almayan tutumları İran perspektifinde Çin’i önemli müttefik konumuna getirmiştir. Son yıllarda, Avrasya’nın iki büyük gücü olan İran ve Çin arasında, devrimin ilk yıllarında soğuk olan ilişkiler sonraki yıllarda kapsamlı stratejik ortaklığa evrilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İran İslam Devrimi sonrası İran-Çin ilişkilerinin nasıl ve neden geliştiğini neorealist bağlamda irdelemektir. Ayrıca, çalışmada İran (İran İslam Cumhuriyeti) ile Çin (Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti) ilişkilerini kolaylaştıran ve sınırlandıran faktörler irdelenmiştir. Neorealizm, ülkelerin dış politikalarını güvenlik, güç, güç dengesi, ulusal çıkarlar ve ittifaklar bakımından ele almaktadır. İran ile Çin’in ilişkilerinin de güvenlik endişeleri, stratejik hedefler, güç dengesi ve ekonomik çıkarlar yönünde gelişmeye devam ettiği tespit edilmiştir. İki ülke ilişkilerini kolaylaştıran faktörler olarak, stratejik hedefler, güvenlik alanındaki endişeler ve dengeleme arayışı, ekonomik bağlar öne çıkmaktadır. Çin, Kuşak Yol Girişimi kapsamında, İran’a siyasi, ekonomik, askeri ve finansal bakımdan destek verirken, İran, zengin petrol ve doğal gaz rezervleri ile Çin enerji güvenliğine ve dolayısıyla ekonomik kalkınmasına destek vermektedir. Çalışmada, İran’a uygulanan uluslararası yaptırımlar, bölgesel rekabetler, her iki ülkenin ABD ile ilişkilerinin kötüleşme potansiyeli ve İran kamuoyunun tepkileri ise iki ülke ilişkilerini sınırlandıran faktörler olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. İran-Çin ilişkilerinde neorealizmin test edildiği bu makale, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkinin gelişimini öğrenme ve geleceğini tahmin etmede literatüre katkı sunmayı amaçlamıştır.

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Cite This Article

Koç, E., Çetin, İ. (2025). Factors Facilitating and Limiting Iran and China Relations in International Politics. İnsan ve Toplum, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 125–152. https://doi.org/10.12658/M0772

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