Journals / Bezmiâlem Science / 2016 / Cilt: 4 - Sayı: 3

Assessing and Managing Delirium in Surgical and Internal Medicine: an Overview

Dahili ve Cerrahi Tıpta Deliryumun Değerlendirilmesi ve Yönetimi: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Pages
113–122
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This study aims to review the clinical characteristics, etiological and risk factors, and different methods to obtain an accurate diagnosis and treatment of delirium.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Delirium is most common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects patients in surgical and internal medicine clinics.
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Key Findings & Data:Studies have found that between 10% and 20% of all adult inpatients are diagnosed with delirium and that it occurs in up to 50% of elderly inpatients.
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Conclusion & Impact:This study aims to review the clinical characteristics, etiological and risk factors, and different methods to obtain an accurate diagnosis and treatment of delirium.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Delirium is most common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects patients in surgical and internal medicine clinics. It is defined as a transient, usually reversible organic mental disorder that has a rapid onset and fluctuating course. Clinically, delirium is an acute or subacute organic mental syndrome that is characterized by a disturbance in attention (reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, and shift attention), awareness (reduced orientation to the environment), and other cognitive abilities (e.g., memory deficit and disorientation) and is not better explained by preexisting, established, or other evolving neurocognitive disorders. Studies have found that between 10% and 20% of all adult inpatients are diagnosed with delirium and that it occurs in up to 50% of elderly inpatients. Delirium itself is not a disease but rather a clinical syndrome, which results from an underlying disease. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is a physiological consequence of an underlying medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal, use of a medication, or a toxin exposure, or it is a combination of these factors. Accurate identification of underlying causes and risk factors is essential in early stage diagnosis and treatment. Treatment of delirium requires the treatment of the underlying causes. Psychotropic medications are used to comfort patients or enable better patient management. This study aims to review the clinical characteristics, etiological and risk factors, and different methods to obtain an accurate diagnosis and treatment of delirium.

Özet

Deliryum, cerrahi ve dahili kliniklerdeki hastaları en çok etkileyen nöropsikiyatrik bozukluktur. Hızlı başlangıçlı, dalgalı seyir gösteren, geçici ve genellikle geri dönüşlü bir organik ruhsal bozukluk olarak tanımlanır. Deliryum klinik olarak; önceden var olan, yerleşik veya gelişmekte olan diğer bir nörobilişsel bozuklukla daha iyi açıklanamayan, dikkat (dikkati yöneltme, odaklama, sürdürme ve bölme yetisinde azalma), farkındalık (çevreye yönelimin azalması) ve diğer bilişsel yetilerde bozulma ile karakterize akut veya subakut bir organik mental sendromdur. Çalışmalar hastanede yatan tüm erişkinlerin %10-20'sinin deliryum tanısı aldığını ve hospitalize yaşlı hastaların yaklaşık %50'sinde deliryum oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Bir hastalık değil altta yatan hastalıklara bağlı bir klinik sendromdur. Öykü, fizik muayene veya laboratuar kanıtlar, bozukluğun altta yatan bir tıbbi durumun, madde entoksikasyonu veya yoksunluğunun, ilaç kullanımının, bir toksine maruziyetin veya bu faktörlerin bir karışımının fizyolojik etkilerine bağlı olduğunu gösterir. Altta yatan nedenlerin ve risk faktörlerinin doğru tanınması, erken tanı ve tedavide esastır. Deliryum tedavisi esas olarak altta yatan nedenlerin tedavisine yöneliktir. Hastayı rahatlatmak ve bakımını daha iyi sürdürebilmek için psikotrop ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu makale, deliryumun klinik özellikleri, etiyolojik ve risk faktörlerini olduğu kadar uygun tanı ve tedavi etme yollarını da gözden geçirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

KIRPINAR, İ. (2016). Assessing and Managing Delirium in Surgical and Internal Medicine: an Overview. Bezmiâlem Science, Cilt: 4 - Sayı: 3, 113–122. https://ajindex.com/articles/161493

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