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Journals / Eskisehir Medical Journal / 2026 / Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Association of Heparin-Protamine Dosages and Activated Clotting Time with ABO Blood Groups in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Kalp Cerrahisi Hastalarında Heparin-Protamin Dozları ve Aktif Pıhtılaşma Süresinin ABO Kan Grubu ile İlişkisi

Mehmet Kirişci(KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, CERRAHİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, KALP VE DAMAR CERRAHİSİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-9618-4283
Murat Arı(KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, CERRAHİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, KALP VE DAMAR CERRAHİSİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-7998-0416
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-02-24
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Considering that variations in thrombotic events after cardiac surgery can result in significant morbidity and mortality, further well-designed and comprehensive studies are warranted.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the doses of heparin and protamine used for anticoagulation and neutralization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) vary according to ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: A total of 839 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2015 and 2025 were included in the study.
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Conclusion & Impact:Considering that variations in thrombotic events after cardiac surgery can result in significant morbidity and mortality, further well-designed and comprehensive studies are warranted.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:ABO blood group · cardiopulmonary bypass · heparin

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the doses of heparin and protamine used for anticoagulation and neutralization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) vary according to ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics. Methods: A total of 839 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2015 and 2025 were included in the study. The distribution of ABO blood groups was as follows: 325 patients with blood group A, 292 with group O, 160 with group B, and 62 with group AB. Among these patients, 762 were Rh-positive and 77 were Rh-negative. Patient records were reviewed to collect data on intraoperative heparin and protamine doses, activated clotting time (ACT) values, demographic characteristics, and blood group types. Patients were classified according to preoperative ABO blood group, and comparisons were made based on these classifications. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in heparin–protamine neutralization doses according to ABO blood group, Rh factor, sex, or diabetes mellitus (p > 0.05). However, patients without hypertension and those using preoperative acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) required significantly higher protamine doses for neutralization (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, no relationship was found between ABO blood group and heparin–protamine doses used during CPB. However, preoperative ASA use and hypertension were associated with variations in protamine dosing. Considering that variations in thrombotic events after cardiac surgery can result in significant morbidity and mortality, further well-designed and comprehensive studies are warranted.

Özet

Giriş: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız kardiyopulmoner bypassta kullanılan heparin protamin nötralizasyon dozlarının ABO kan grupları ve demografik veriler ile ilişki gösterip göstermediğini araştırmaktır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 2015-2025 yılları arası kalp ameliyatı olmuş toplam 839 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların kan grubu dağılımında; 325 hasta A kan grubu, 292 hasta O kan grubu, 160 hasta B kan grubu ve 62 hasta AB kan grubundan oluşmaktaydı. Bu hastaların 762’si Rh(+) 77’si Rh(-) idi. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların verileri incelenerek operasyonda verilen heparin-protamin dozları, aktif pıhtılaşma zamanı (ACT), demografik verileri ile birlikte kan grupları kayıt altına alındı. Kalp cerrahisi öncesinde bakılan kan gruplarına göre hastalar sınıflandırıldı ve bu veriler altında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Heparin Protamin nötralizasonunda kullanılan dozlar ile ABO kan grubu, Rh faktörü, cinsiyet ve diabetes mellitus (DM) açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p>0,05). Ancak hipertansiyon (HT) olmayan hastalar ile preoperatif asetil salisilik asit (ASA) kullanımı olan hastalarda nötralizasyon için verilen protamin miktarının daha fazla olduğu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulundu (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda kardiyopulmoner bypassta kullanılan heparin protamin dozlarının ABO kan grupları ile arasında ilişki olmadığı ama preoperatif ASA kullanımı ve HT ile ilişkisi olduğu gösterilmiştir. Kalp cerrahisi sonrası trombotik olaylara bağlı değişkenlikler ciddi morbidite ve mortalite sebebi olabileceğini göz önüne aldığımızda daha güçlü ve daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yürütülmesi gerekmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Kirişci, M., Arı, M. (2026). Association of Heparin-Protamine Dosages and Activated Clotting Time with ABO Blood Groups in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Eskisehir Medical Journal, Volume: 7 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2026.241

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