Journals / Eskisehir Medical Journal / 2026 / Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Ketamine Infusion Triumphs in Early-Stage Resolution of Status Epilepticus

Ketamin İnfüzyonu ile Status Epileptikus’un Erken Döneminde Etkin Kontrol

Nihal Yıldız(ZONGULDAK BULENT ECEVİT UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-0989-842X
Elif Acar Arslan(BİRUNİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-3284-107X
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-05-31
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Further randomized controlled studies are warranted to define optimal dosing strategies and evaluate long-term neurological outcomes associated with ketamine use in this context.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Status epilepticus (SE) is a critical pediatric neurological emergency that requires rapid and effective management to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
📊
Key Findings & Data:We report a 30-month-old male patient with a history of neuroglial tumor resection who presented with fever and diarrhea and subsequently developed febrile SE unresponsive to standard treatment protocols, including benzodiazepines, levetiracetam, phenytoin, and high-dose midazolam infusion.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Further randomized controlled studies are warranted to define optimal dosing strategies and evaluate long-term neurological outcomes associated with ketamine use in this context.
🔬Design:Case Report
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ketamine · Status Epilepticus · NMDA Antagonist

Abstract

Status epilepticus (SE) is a critical pediatric neurological emergency that requires rapid and effective management to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. While benzodiazepines and traditional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) remain the mainstays of initial treatment, their efficacy diminishes with prolonged seizure activity. Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has emerged as a promising option, particularly in refractory and super-refractory SE cases. We report a 30-month-old male patient with a history of neuroglial tumor resection who presented with fever and diarrhea and subsequently developed febrile SE unresponsive to standard treatment protocols, including benzodiazepines, levetiracetam, phenytoin, and high-dose midazolam infusion. Early initiation of ketamine infusion prior to intubation resulted in immediate seizure cessation and stabilization. This case highlights the potential utility of early ketamine administration in the management of pediatric SE, especially in benzodiazepine-resistant scenarios. Our findings support the growing body of literature advocating for the integration of ketamine into early treatment algorithms for refractory SE. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted to define optimal dosing strategies and evaluate long-term neurological outcomes associated with ketamine use in this context.

Özet

Status epileptikus (SE), önemli morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkilendirilen, acil müdahale gerektiren ciddi bir pediatrik nörolojik tablodur. Benzodiazepinler ve geleneksel antiepileptik ilaçlar başlangıç tedavisinde temel olmakla birlikte, uzayan nöbet süresi ile etkinlikleri belirgin şekilde azalır. N-metil-D-aspartat (NMDA) reseptör antagonisti olan ketamin, özellikle dirençli ve süper-dirençli SE olgularında umut verici bir alternatif olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu yazıda, ateş ve ishal şikayetleri ile başvuran ve öncesinde nöröglial tümör nedeniyle cerrahi öyküsü bulunan 30 aylık bir erkek hastada, benzodiazepin, levetirasetam, fenitoin ve midazolam infüzyonuna yanıtsız yaygın tonik-klonik nöbet gelişimi sunulmaktadır. Entübasyon öncesi başlanan ketamin infüzyonu, nöbetlerin hızla kontrol altına alınmasını ve vital parametrelerin stabilizasyonunu sağlamıştır. Bu olgu, özellikle benzodiazepin direncinin söz konusu olduğu durumlarda ketaminin erken dönemde uygulanmasının tedavi başarısını artırabileceğini göstermektedir. Bulgularımız, ketaminin dirençli SE olgularında tedavi algoritmalarına daha erken aşamada dahil edilmesini destekleyen literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Ketaminin optimal dozlaması ve uzun vadeli nörolojik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi için ileriye dönük randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Yıldız, N., Arslan, E. A., Yeşilbaş, O. (2026). Ketamine Infusion Triumphs in Early-Stage Resolution of Status Epilepticus. Eskisehir Medical Journal, Volume: 7 Issue: 2. https://ajindex.com/articles/1614209

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (19)

  1. Cavusoglu D, Sınmaz EE, Dundar NO, et al. Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Status Epilepticus in a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37:360-364. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001914.
  2. Tasker RC. Emergency treatment of acute seizures and status epilepticus. Arch Dis Child. 1998;79:78-83. doi: 10.1136/adc.79.1.78.
  3. Wilkes R, Tasker RC. Intensive care treatment of uncontrolled status epilepticus in children: systematic literature search of midazolam and anesthetic therapies*. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15:632-9. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000173.
  4. Höfler J, Rohracher A, Kalss G, et al. (S)-Ketamine in Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Retrospective Study. CNS Drugs. 2016;30:869-76. doi: 10.1007/s40263-016-0371-2.
  5. Tatlı B, Soysal D, et al. Status Epilepticus in Childhood: Etiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in 48 Cases. J Pediatr Health Dis. 2005;48:290–294. Available from: https://cshd.org.tr/article/view/543
  6. Fang Y, Wang X. Ketamine for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Seizure. 2015;30:14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.05.010.
  7. Mutkule DP, Rao SM, Chaudhuri JR, et al. Successful Use of Ketamine for Burst Suppression in Super Refractory Status Epilepticus Following Substance Abuse. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2018;22:49-50. doi: 10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_370_17.
  8. Borris DJ, Bertram EH, Kapur J. Ketamine controls prolonged status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 2000;42:117-22. doi: 10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00175-3.
  9. Höfler J, Trinka E. Intravenous ketamine in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2018;2:198-206. doi: 10.1111/epi.14480.
  10. Verrotti A, Ambrosi M, Pavone P, et al. Pediatric status epilepticus: improved management with new drug therapies? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2017;18:789-798. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1323873.
  11. Rossetti AO, Lowenstein DH. Management of refractory status epilepticus in adults: still more questions than answers. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:922-30. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70187-9.
  12. Gaspard N, Foreman BP, Alvarez V, et al. New-onset refractory status epilepticus: Etiology, clinical features, and outcome. Neurology. 2015;85:1604-13. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001940.
  13. Magro G. Ketamine in Status Epilepticus: How Soon Is Now? Neurol Int. 2025;17:83. doi: 10.3390/neurolint17060083.
  14. Zeiler FA, Teitelbaum J, West M, et al. The ketamine effect on ICP in traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care. 2014;21:163-73. doi: 10.1007/s12028-013-9950-y.
  15. Rosati A, De Masi S, Guerrini R. Ketamine for Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Systematic Review. CNS Drugs. 2018;32:997-1009. doi: 10.1007/s40263-018-0569-6.
  16. Pin JN, Leonardi L, Nosadini M, et al. Efficacy and safety of ketamine for neonatal refractory status epilepticus: case report and systematic review. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1189478. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1189478.
  17. Jacobwitz M, Mulvihill C, Kaufman MC, et al. Ketamine for Management of Neonatal and Pediatric Refractory Status Epilepticus. Neurology. 2022;99:e1227-e1238. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200889.
  18. García-Ruiz M, Rodríguez PM, Palliotti L, et al. Ketamine in the treatment of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus: Experience from two centres. Seizure. 2024;117:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.01.013.
  19. Adhikari A, Yadav SK, Nepal G, et al. Use of ketamine in Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: a systematic review. Neurol Res Pract. 2024;6:33. doi: 10.1186/s42466-024-00322-7.