Journals / Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology / 2026 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Pleural Empyema Caused by Streptococcus Constellatus in an Immunocompetent Young Adult: A Case Report

İmmunkompetan Genç Yetişkinde Streptococcus Constellatus’un Neden Olduğu Plevral Ampiyem: Bir Vaka Raporu

Eren Zenci(PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL MEDICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF THORACIC SURGERY)0000-0002-3612-5070
Argün Kış(PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL MEDICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF THORACIC SURGERY)0000-0001-9903-1576
İlknur Kaleli(PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY)0000-0001-9689-8297
Pages
94–98
Publication Date
2026-08-18
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In cases of loculated or treatment-resistant pleural infection, SAG members should be considered as potential pathogens, and management should include timely surgical intervention combined with culture-guided targeted antimicrobial therapy.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Members of the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) are associated with deep-seated and purulent infections.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Methods: A 35-year-old male with no history of comorbid disease or immunosuppression presented with progressive dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In cases of loculated or treatment-resistant pleural infection, SAG members should be considered as potential pathogens, and management should include timely surgical intervention combined with culture-guided targeted antimicrobial therapy.
🔬Design:Olgu Sunumu
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Streptococcus constellatus · plevral ampiyem · video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi

Abstract

Objective: Members of the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) are associated with deep-seated and purulent infections. Pleural empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus is rare and is more commonly reported in immunocompromised individuals. This report describes a case of S. constellatus-associated pleural empyema in a young adult without identifiable predisposing risk factors. Methods: A 35-year-old male with no history of comorbid disease or immunosuppression presented with progressive dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. Laboratory investigations revealed leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Thoracic computed tomography demonstrated loculated pleural fluid collections in the right hemithorax. Initial management consisted of tube thoracostomy. Due to insufficient drainage and incomplete lung expansion, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed. Pleural fluid samples were obtained for microbiological analysis. Results: Intraoperatively, dense fibrinous septations and abundant purulent material were observed, and loculations were disrupted to achieve adequate drainage and pleural cavity irrigation. Pleural fluid culture yielded Streptococcus constellatus, while blood cultures were negative. Antibiotic therapy was adjusted according to the antibiogram results. During follow-up, marked clinical and radiological improvement was observed without the development of systemic sepsis. Conclusions: Although uncommon, S. constellatus can cause invasive and organized-phase empyema even in immunocompetent individuals. In cases of loculated or treatment-resistant pleural infection, SAG members should be considered as potential pathogens, and management should include timely surgical intervention combined with culture-guided targeted antimicrobial therapy.

Özet

Amaç: Streptococcus anginosus grubu (SAG) üyeleri derin yerleşimli ve pürülan enfeksiyonlarla ilişkilidir. Streptococcus constellatus’a bağlı plevral ampiyem nadir görülmekte olup çoğunlukla immünsuprese bireylerde bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, altta yatan belirgin risk faktörü bulunmayan genç bir erişkinde gelişen S. constellatus ilişkili plevral ampiyem olgusunun sunulması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Streptococcus anginosus grubu (SAG) üyeleri derin yerleşimli ve pürülan enfeksiyonlarla ilişkilidir. Streptococcus constellatus’a bağlı plevral ampiyem nadir görülmekte olup çoğunlukla immünsuprese bireylerde bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, altta yatan belirgin risk faktörü bulunmayan genç bir erişkinde gelişen S. constellatus ilişkili plevral ampiyem olgusunun sunulması amaçlandı. Bulgular: VATS sırasında fibrinöz septasyonlar ve yoğun pürülan materyal izlendi; lokülasyonlar açılarak plevral boşluk irrigasyonu ve drenajı sağlandı. Plevral sıvı kültüründe Streptococcus constellatus izole edildi, kan kültürleri negatifti. Antibiyogram sonucuna göre hedefe yönelik antibiyotik tedavisi düzenlendi. İzlem sürecinde klinik ve radyolojik olarak belirgin düzelme saptandı ve sistemik sepsis gelişmedi. Sonuç: S. constellatus nadir görülmekle birlikte immünsupresyonu olmayan bireylerde dahi invaziv ve organize faz ampiyeme yol açabilmektedir. Loküle ve tedaviye dirençli plevral enfeksiyonlarda SAG üyeleri etken olarak düşünülmeli; zamanında cerrahi girişim ve kültüre dayalı hedefe yönelik antimikrobiyal tedavi planlanmalıdır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Zenci, E., Kış, A., Kaleli, İ. (2026). Pleural Empyema Caused by Streptococcus Constellatus in an Immunocompetent Young Adult: A Case Report. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 94–98. https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1899623

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (10)

  1. Winn W Jr, Allen S, Janda W, Koneman E, Procop G, Schreckenberger P, Woods G. Koneman’s color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2017.
  2. Ruoff KL. Streptococcus anginosus (“Streptococcus milleri”): the unrecognized pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1988;1(1):102-8. doi:10.1128/CMR.1.1.102.
  3. Claridge JE 3rd, Attorri S, Musher DM, Hebert J, Dunbar S. Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus are of different clinical importance and are not equally associated with abscess. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(10):1511-5. doi:10.1086/320163.
  4. Zhu Y, Jiang J, Jiang T, Hu T, Gan Y. Clinical characteristics of lung abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus infection. Clin Lab. 2024;70(7). doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2023.230924.
  5. Yazıcı V, et al. Streptococcus constellatus ssp pharyngis’e bağlı epidural apse olgusu. Turkiye Klinikleri J Case Rep. 2014;22(2):96-9.
  6. Taner A, et al. Sağlıklı genç erişkinde Streptococcus constellatus’un neden olduğu nadir ampiyem vakası. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2025;82(4):659-66. doi:10.5505/TurkHijyen.2025.80090.
  7. Dyrhovden R, Nygaard RM, Patel R, Ulvestad E, Kommedal Ø. The bacterial aetiology of pleural empyema: a descriptive and comparative metagenomic study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(8):981-6. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.030.
  8. Kobashi Y, Mouri K, Yagi S, Obase Y, Oka M. Clinical analysis of cases of empyema due to Streptococcus milleri group. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008;61(6):484-6. doi:10.7883/yoken.61.484.
  9. Shuzo K, Nobuchika K, Takashi S, Atsushi S. The role of the capsule of the Streptococcus milleri group in its pathogenicity. J Infect Chemother. 2004;10(2):105-9. doi:10.1007/s10156-004-0300-1.
  10. Chrastek D, Hickman S, Sitaranjan D. Streptococcus constellatus causing empyema and sepsis necessitating early surgical decortication. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2020;2020:4630809. doi:10.1155/2020/4630809.