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Journals / Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Machine-Readable Multilingual Dictionaries: A Semi-Automatic ISO–TEI Model

Makinece Okunabilir Çok Dilli Sözlükler: Yarı Otomatik Bir ISO–TEI Modeli

Emrah Özcan(YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-9340-5485
Mehmet Fatih Erkoç(YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8278-2805
Hasan Tokatlı(YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-9231-4191
Pages
1–20
Publication Date
2026-02-27
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

By synthesising historical critiques of database models with contemporary standards for lexical interoperability, we argue that, while fully automatic induction of multilingual lexicons remains fraught with semantic ambiguity, a semi-automatic workflow, grounded in rigorous data modelling and human verification, offers a scalable solution to overcome the resource scarcity inherent in many language pairs.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The digital transformation of lexicography has fundamentally shifted the discipline from the production of static, human-readable artefacts to the creation of dynamic, machine-readable databases.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Drawing upon the experimental results of a research project we conducted, we analyse the efficacy of utilising the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) guidelines and ISO-24613 (Lexical Markup Framework) to model complex lexical data.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:By synthesising historical critiques of database models with contemporary standards for lexical interoperability, we argue that, while fully automatic induction of multilingual lexicons remains fraught with semantic ambiguity, a semi-automatic workflow, grounded in rigorous data modelling and human verification, offers a scalable solution to overcome the resource scarcity inherent in many language pairs.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Hesaplamalı sözlükbilim · Makinece okunabilir sözlükler (MRD) · Metin kodlama girişimi (TEI)

Abstract

The digital transformation of lexicography has fundamentally shifted the discipline from the production of static, human-readable artefacts to the creation of dynamic, machine-readable databases. This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of developing machine-readable multilingual dictionaries (MRDs), with particular emphasis on semi-automatic derivation via pivot languages. Drawing upon the experimental results of a research project we conducted, we analyse the efficacy of utilising the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) guidelines and ISO-24613 (Lexical Markup Framework) to model complex lexical data. By synthesising historical critiques of database models with contemporary standards for lexical interoperability, we argue that, while fully automatic induction of multilingual lexicons remains fraught with semantic ambiguity, a semi-automatic workflow, grounded in rigorous data modelling and human verification, offers a scalable solution to overcome the resource scarcity inherent in many language pairs.

Özet

Sözlükbilimin dijital dönüşümü, alanı statik ve insan tarafından okunabilir ürünler üretmekten, dinamik ve makine tarafından okunabilir veritabanları geliştirmeye doğru köklü biçimde dönüştürmüştür. Bu makale, özellikle ara (pivot) diller aracılığıyla yarı otomatik türetime odaklanarak, makine tarafından okunabilir çok dilli sözlüklerin (MRD) geliştirilmesine ilişkin kuramsal ve yöntemsel temelleri incelemektedir. Yürüttüğümüz bir araştırma projesinin deneysel bulgularına dayanarak, karmaşık sözlüksel verilerin modellenmesinde Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) yönergeleri ile ISO 24613 (Lexical Markup Framework) standardının kullanım etkinliğini analiz ediyoruz. Veritabanı modellerine yönelik tarihsel eleştirileri, sözlüksel birlikte çalışabilirliğe ilişkin güncel standartlarla sentezleyerek; çok dilli sözlüklerin tamamen otomatik olarak türetilmesinin hâlen anlamsal belirsizliklerle sorunlu olduğunu, buna karşılık sağlam bir veri modellemesine ve insan doğrulamasına dayanan yarı otomatik bir iş akışının, birçok dil çifti için geçerli olan kaynak kıtlığını aşmada ölçeklenebilir bir çözüm sunduğunu savunuyoruz.

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Cite This Article

Özcan, E., Erkoç, M. F., Tokatlı, H. (2026). Machine-Readable Multilingual Dictionaries: A Semi-Automatic ISO–TEI Model. Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 1–20. https://ajindex.com/articles/1583192

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