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Journals / Uluslararası Ticaret ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1-2

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE OPENESS AND DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY SPECIFICALLY FOR TÜRKİYE (1990-2023)

TİCARİ AÇIKLIK İLE KALKINMA ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÖZELİNDE BİR İNCELEME (1990-2023)

Nehir Tırpan(Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi)0009-0005-1106-6237
Ali Şen(İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9456-2220
Pages
36–43
Publication Date
2025-12-27
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a positive and significant relationship between human development and trade openness and foreign direct investment; and an inverse and insignificant relationship with the inflation variable.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, the relationship between trade openness in Turkey and human development index, which represents one of the development indicators, was examined with Bayer-Hanck Cointegration and FMOLS tests with annual data for the period 1990-2023.
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Key Findings & Data:In the study where the human development index was included as the dependent variable, the independent variable was determined as trade openness rate; the control variables were determined as inflation rate and foreign direct investment.
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Conclusion & Impact:As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a positive and significant relationship between human development and trade openness and foreign direct investment; and an inverse and insignificant relationship with the inflation variable.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:İnsani Gelişme Endeksi · Ticari Açıklık · Zaman Serisi Modeli

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between trade openness in Turkey and human development index, which represents one of the development indicators, was examined with Bayer-Hanck Cointegration and FMOLS tests with annual data for the period 1990-2023. In the study where the human development index was included as the dependent variable, the independent variable was determined as trade openness rate; the control variables were determined as inflation rate and foreign direct investment. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a positive and significant relationship between human development and trade openness and foreign direct investment; and an inverse and insignificant relationship with the inflation variable.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, 1990-2023 dönemine ait yıllık verilerle Türkiye’de ticari dışa açıklık ve kalkınma göstergelerinden birini temsil eden insani gelişme endeksi arasındaki ilişki Bayer-Hanck Eşbütünleşme ve FMOLS testleri ile incelenmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olarak insani gelişme endeksinin yer aldığı çalışmada bağımsız değişken, ticari dışa açıklık oranı; kontrol değişkenler ise enflasyon oranı ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, insani gelişme ile ticari dışa açıklık ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları arasında aynı yönlü ve anlamlı; enflasyon değişkeni ile ters yönlü ve anlamsız bir ilişkinin var olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Tırpan, N., Şen, A. (2025). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE OPENESS AND DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY SPECIFICALLY FOR TÜRKİYE (1990-2023). Uluslararası Ticaret ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1-2, 36–43. https://doi.org/10.30711/utead.1759340

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