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Journals / Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC BANKS IN FINANCIAL STABILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TURKİYE AND SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

KAMU BANKALARININ FİNANSAL İSTİKRARDAKİ ROLÜ: TÜRKİYE VE SEÇİLMİŞ AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ

Hasan Ali Gözeri(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ, AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ANABİLİM DALI (DİSİPLİNLERARASI), AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ (DR))0009-0006-8477-4928
Pages
1–18
Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Policy recommendations for Türkiye include the strengthening of governance, compliance with Basel III standards, and the development of independent audit mechanisms.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Financial stability, a fundamental component of macroeconomic stability, is an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable economic growth.
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Key Findings & Data:Public banks, as significant components of the banking sector, assume critical roles, particularly during the process of maintaining financial stability.
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Conclusion & Impact:Policy recommendations for Türkiye include the strengthening of governance, compliance with Basel III standards, and the development of independent audit mechanisms.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kamu Bankacılığı · Kamu Bankaları · Finansal İstikrar

Abstract

Financial stability, a fundamental component of macroeconomic stability, is an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable economic growth. Public banks, as significant components of the banking sector, assume critical roles, particularly during the process of maintaining financial stability. This study, aiming to examine the role of public banks on financial stability within the scope of Türkiye and selected European Union countries, seeks to demonstrate the stabilizing functions of public banks during periods of economic crisis, as well as the role they play regarding systemic risks that may arise from governance deficits and political interventions. In this context, public banking practices in Türkiye have been subjected to a comparative analysis with European Union countries (Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Poland, and Greece). The findings of the study indicate that public banks can prevent gridlock in the financial system by operating counter-cyclical credit mechanisms in areas from which the private sector withdraws during times of crisis; however, the results also show that public banks have both positive and negative effects on financial stability. While they contribute to financial stability through good governance, transparency, and effective risk management, governance vulnerabilities and political interventions can exacerbate systemic risks. Policy recommendations for Türkiye include the strengthening of governance, compliance with Basel III standards, and the development of independent audit mechanisms.

Özet

Makroekonomik istikrarın temel unsurlarından biri olan finansal istikrar, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümenin de vazgeçilmez bir koşuludur. Bankacılık sektörünün önemli bir bileşeni olan kamu bankaları, özellikle finansal istikrar sürecinde önemi bir rol üstlenmektedir. Kamu bankalarının finansal istikrar üzerindeki rolünü Türkiye ve seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri kapsamında incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma; kamu bankalarının ekonomik kriz dönemlerindeki dengeleyici fonksiyonlarını ve aynı zamanda yönetişim eksiklikleri ve politik müdahalelerden kaynaklanabilecek sistemik risklere karşı oynadığı rolü ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye’deki kamu bankacılığı uygulamaları, seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri Almanya, Fransa, İtalya, İsveç, Polonya ve Yunanistan ile karşılaştırmalı bir analize tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları; kamu bankalarının, kriz anlarında özel sektörün çekildiği alanlarda karşı-döngüsel kredi mekanizmasını işleterek finansal sistemin tıkanmasını önleyebildiğini; kamu bankalarının finansal istikrara hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Kamu bankaları, iyi yönetişim, şeffaflık ve etkin risk yönetimi ile finansal istikrara katkı sağlarken; yönetişim zafiyetleri ve politik müdahaleler, sistemik riskleri artırabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye için önerilen politikalar arasında; yönetişimin güçlendirilmesi, Basel III uyumu ve bağımsız denetim mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi yer almaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Gözeri, H. A. (2026). THE ROLE OF PUBLIC BANKS IN FINANCIAL STABILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TURKİYE AND SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.51763/uid.1837919

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