Journals / Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Peer Relationships and Stuttering Severity in Adolescents with and Without Stuttering

Kekemeliği Olan ve Olmayan Ergenlerde Akran İlişkileri ile Kekemeliğin Şiddeti Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

İrem Akpınar(ÜSKÜDAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0005-2274-9797
Seçil Aydın Oral(ÜSKÜDAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-4709-8565
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-07-07
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The lack of a predictive relationship between stuttering severity and peer relationships highlights the importance of psychosocial factors beyond fluency in shaping social outcomes.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: This study aimed to compare peer relationships between adolescents who stutter (AWS) and adolescents who do not stutter (AWNS) and to investigate the relationship between stuttering severity and peer relationships among adolescents who stutter.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Method: A total of 83 adolescents aged 13–15 years, comprising 41 adolescents who stutter (AWS) and 42 adolescents who do not stutter (AWNS), participated in the study.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The lack of a predictive relationship between stuttering severity and peer relationships highlights the importance of psychosocial factors beyond fluency in shaping social outcomes.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Akran İlişkiler · Ergenlik · Kekemelik

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to compare peer relationships between adolescents who stutter (AWS) and adolescents who do not stutter (AWNS) and to investigate the relationship between stuttering severity and peer relationships among adolescents who stutter. Method: A total of 83 adolescents aged 13–15 years, comprising 41 adolescents who stutter (AWS) and 42 adolescents who do not stutter (AWNS), participated in the study. Stuttering severity was assessed using the Stuttering Severity Instrument-4-TR (SSI-4-TR), while peer relationships were evaluated using the Peer Relations Questionnaire-TR (PRQ-TR). Results: The adolescents who stutter group scored significantly lower than the AWNS group on the “aid” subscale. A marginally significant difference was found between the groups in the total peer relations score. No significant differences were observed in the companionship, conflict, protection, or intimacy subscales. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between stuttering severity and peer relationships among adolescents who stutter. Conclusion and Recommendations: Adolescents who stutter experience difficulties in seeking and receiving help from their peers, while demonstrating similarities to their fluent peers in other dimensions of peer relationships. The lack of a predictive relationship between stuttering severity and peer relationships highlights the importance of psychosocial factors beyond fluency in shaping social outcomes.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışma, kekemeliği olan ergenler ile kekemeliği olmayan ergenlerin akran ilişkilerini karşılaştırmayı ve kekemeliği olan ergenlerde kekemelik şiddeti ile akran ilişkileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 13-15 yaş aralığında 41 kekemeliği olan ve 42 kekemeliği olmayan (toplam 83) ergen katılmıştır. Kekemelik şiddeti Kekemelik Şiddet Envanteri-4-TR (SSI-4-TR) ile, akran ilişkileri ise Akran İlişkileri Ölçeği-TR (PRQTR) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kekemeliği olan grup, kekemeliği olmayan gruba kıyasla “yardım” alt ölçeğinde anlamlı derecede daha düşük puan almıştır. Genel akran ilişkileri puanında gruplar arasında sınırda anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Arkadaşlık, çatışma, korunma ve yakınlık alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Ayrıca, kekemeliği olan ergenlerde kekemelik şiddeti ile akran ilişkileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Kekemeliği olan ergenler, akranlarından yardım alma konusunda zorluk yaşarken, diğer akran ilişkisi boyutlarında akıcı konuşan akranlarına benzer özellikler göstermektedir. Kekemelik şiddetinin akran ilişkilerini yordamaması, sosyal sonuçlar açısından akıcılık dışındaki psikososyal faktörlerin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Akpınar, İ., Oral, S. A. (2026). An Investigation of the Relationship Between Peer Relationships and Stuttering Severity in Adolescents with and Without Stuttering. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1923193

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (27)

  1. Adriaensens S., Beyers W., Struyf E. Impact of stuttering severity on adolescents' domain-specific and general self-esteem through cognitive and emotional mediating processes. J Commun Disord [Internet]. 2015; 58: 43-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.10.003
  2. Atik, Z.E., Çok, F., Coban, A., Dogan, T., & Karaman, N.G. (2014). The Turkish Adaptation of the Friendship Qualities Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 14, 440-446.
  3. Berchiatti, M., Badenes-Ribera, L., Ferrer, A., Longobardi, C., & Giovanna Maria Gastaldi, F. (2020). School adjustment in children who stutter: The quality of the student-teacher relationship, peer relationships, and children’s academic and behavioral competence. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, Article 105226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105226
  4. Blood G.W., Blood I.M. Bullying in adolescents who stutter: Communicative competence and self-esteem. Contemp Issues Commun Sci Disord [Internet]. 2004;31(Spring):69-79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_31_S_69
  5. Blood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2016). Long-term Consequences of Childhood Bullying in Adults who Stutter: Social Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Self-esteem, and Satisfaction with Life. Journal of fluency disorders, 50, 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.10.002
  6. Bloodstein O. Stuttering: The Search for a Cause and Cure. Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1993
  7. Bukowski, W. M., Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1994). Measuring friendship quality during pre- and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the Friendship Qualities Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11(3), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407594113011
  8. Davis S., Howell P., Cooke F. Sociodynamic relationships between children who stutter and their non-stuttering classmates. J Child Psychol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2002;43(7):939-47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00093
  9. Erim, A., & Uysal, A. (2023). Reliability, validity, and turkish adaptation of the peer attitudes toward children who stutter scale. Current Psychology, 43, 10801 - 10812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05194-9.
  10. Evans, D., Healey, E. C., Kawai, N., & Rowland, S. (2008). Middle school students' perceptions of a peer who stutters. Journal of fluency disorders, 33(3), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.06.002
  11. Franck, A. L., Jackson, R. A., Pimentel, J. T., & Greenwood, G. S. (2003). School-age children's perceptions of a person who stutters. Journal of fluency disorders, 28(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-730x(03)00002-0
  12. Guitar, B. (2014). Stuttering: an integrated approach to its nature and treatment. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hertsberg, N., & Zebrowski, P. M. (2016). Self-perceived competence and social acceptance of young children who stutter: Initial findings. Journal of communication disorders, 64, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.08.004
  13. Hertsberg, N., & Zebrowski, P. M. (2016). Self-perceived competence and social acceptance of young children who stutter: Initial findings. Journal of Communication Disorders, 64, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.08.004
  14. Kara, İ., & Karamete, A. (2018). Kekemeliği Olan Yetişkinlerin Okul Çağındaki Akran Zorbalığı Mağduriyetlerinin Belirlenmesi: Ön Çalışma. Dil Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 50-61.
  15. Karahan Tığrak, T., Kulak Kayıkcı, M. E., Kirazlı, M. Ç., & Tığrak, A. (2021). Emotional and behavioural problems of children and adolescents who stutter: Comparison with typically developing peers. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 46(4), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/14015439.2020.1855472
  16. Kathard, H., Walters, F., Frieslaar, K., Mhlongo, T., Rhoode, M., Shaboodien, R., Weidmann, J., Zimmerman, N., Zoetmulder, A., & Camroodien-Surve, F. (2014). Classroom intervention to change peers' attitudes towards children who stutter: A feasibility study. The South African journal of communication disorders=Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings, 61(1),10.4102/sajcd.v61i1.80. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v61i1.80 Langevin, M., Packman, A., & Onslow, M. (2009). Peer responses to stuttering in the preschool setting. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 18(3), 264–276.https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2009/07-0087
  17. McAllister J. (2016). Behavioural, emotional and social development of children who stutter. Journal of fluency disorders, 50, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.09.003
  18. Mutlu, A. İ., Bacık Tırank, Ş., & Gündüz, B. (2020) kekemelik şiddetini değerlendirme aracının (stutterıng severıty ınstrument–4) 6-16 yaş okul çağı çocuklarda türkçe uyarlaması. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, 3(2), 135-144.
  19. Peters, K. B., Turner, S. (2013). Acquired stuttering due to recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma. 1 BMJ Case Reports, 2013, bcr-2013-009562. 2 https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-009562
  20. Riley, G. D. (2009). Stuttering severity instrument for children and adults (4th ed.). Pro-Ed.
  21. Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D. (2006). A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Psychological bulletin, 132(1), 98–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.98
  22. Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual review of psychology, 5 52, 83–110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83
  23. Tonkaz, G., Demirdöğen, E., Çakır, A., & Kocaman, S. (2025). Peer Bullying and Self-Esteem in Turkish School-Age Children Who Stutter. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1597011.
  24. Waldrip, A. M., Malcolm, K. T., Jensen-Campbell, L. A. (2008). With a little help from your friends: The importance of high-quality friendships on early adolescent adjustment. Social Development, 17(4), 832–852. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00476.x
  25. Werle, D., Winters, K. L., & Byrd, C. T. (2021). Preliminary study of self-perceived communication competence amongst adults who do and do not stutter. Journal of fluency disorders, 70, 105848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2021.105848
  26. Yairi, E., & Ambrose, N. (2013). Epidemiology of stuttering: 21st century advances. Journal of fluency disorders, 38 2, 66-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.11.002.
  27. Yairi, E., & Ambrose, N. (2013). Epidemiology of stuttering: 21st century advances. Journal of fluency disorders, 38 2, 66-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.11.002.