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Journals / Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

Investigation of the Effect of Anderson–Evans type Polyoxometalate Incorporation on the Optoelectronic Properties of Carbazole-Based Polymer Films

Karbazol Bazlı Polimer Filmlerin Optoelektronik Özellikleri Üzerine Anderson–Evans Tipi Polioksometalat Katkısının Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yasemin Torlak(PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5964-2532
Pages
2448–2473
Publication Date
2026-09-09
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results demonstrate that incorporating Anderson–Evans type polyoxometalate clusters into carbazole-based conducting polymers is an effective strategy to develop advanced electrochromic materials with improved stability and optoelectronic performance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Composite materials based on polyoxometalates (POMs) have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent proton and electron transport properties, high thermal stability, structural diversity, and tunable redox characteristics.
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Key Findings & Data:Recently, the integration of POM clusters with conducting polymers has emerged as an effective strategy to improve electrochemical and optoelectronic performances of functional materials.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results demonstrate that incorporating Anderson–Evans type polyoxometalate clusters into carbazole-based conducting polymers is an effective strategy to develop advanced electrochromic materials with improved stability and optoelectronic performance.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Polioksometalatlar · AlW6-POM · Karbazol bazlı iletken polimerler

Abstract

Composite materials based on polyoxometalates (POMs) have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent proton and electron transport properties, high thermal stability, structural diversity, and tunable redox characteristics. Recently, the integration of POM clusters with conducting polymers has emerged as an effective strategy to improve electrochemical and optoelectronic performances of functional materials. In this study, an organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite film consisting of a carbazole-based conducting polymer (pCz9T) and a Anderson-Evans type polyoxometalate, [Ph₄P]₃[Al(OH)₆W₆O₁₈] (AlW6-POM), was successfully fabricated via electrochemical polymerization on an ITO electrode. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of the pristine polymer film and the AlW6-POM/pCz9T composite film were systematically investigated using cyclic voltammetry and UV–Vis spectroelectrochemistry. The incorporation of AlW6-POM clusters into the polymer matrix resulted in significant improvements in the electrochemical and optical performance of the film. The electrochemical stability increased from 74% to 90% after repeated cycling, while the optical contrast (ΔT) increased from 27% to 64%, indicating enhanced electrochromic performance. Furthermore, the charge density increased from 0.7052 to 1.644 mC cm⁻², and the switching time decreased from 1.5 s to 1.0 s, demonstrating faster electrochromic response. In addition, the coloration efficiency improved from 139.1 to 235.3 cm² C⁻¹, confirming the improved charge storage and optical modulation capability of the composite film. These improvements can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between the redox-active AlW6-POM clusters and the conjugated polymer backbone, which facilitates electron transfer and enhances electrochemical activity. The results demonstrate that incorporating Anderson–Evans type polyoxometalate clusters into carbazole-based conducting polymers is an effective strategy to develop advanced electrochromic materials with improved stability and optoelectronic performance.

Özet

Polioksometalat (POM) temelli kompozit malzemeler, üstün proton ve elektron taşınım özellikleri, yüksek termal kararlılıkları, yapısal çeşitlilikleri ve ayarlanabilir redoks özellikleri nedeniyle son yıllarda giderek artan bir ilgi görmektedir. Son zamanlarda, POM kümelerinin iletken polimerlerle birleştirilmesi, fonksiyonel malzemelerin elektrokimyasal ve optoelektronik performanslarını geliştirmek için etkili bir yaklaşım olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, karbazol bazlı iletken polimer (pCz9T) ile Dawson tipi polioksometalat olan lityum içeren [Ph₄P]₃[Al(OH)₆W₆O₁₈] (AlW6-POM) bileşiğinden oluşan organik-inorganik hibrit nanokompozit film, ITO elektrot yüzeyinde elektrokimyasal polimerizasyon yöntemi ile başarıyla hazırlanmıştır. Saf polimer film ile AlW6-POM/pCz9T kompozit filmin elektrokimyasal ve spektroelektrokimyasal özellikleri döngüsel voltametri ve UV–Vis spektroelektrokimya teknikleri kullanılarak sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. AlW6-POM kümelerinin polimer matrisi içerisine dahil edilmesi, filmin elektrokimyasal ve optik performansında önemli iyileşmelere yol açmıştır. Tekrarlı döngüler sonrasında elektrokimyasal stabilite %74’ten %90’a yükselirken, optik kontrast (ΔT) değeri %27’den %64’e artarak elektrokromik performansın belirgin şekilde geliştiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, yük yoğunluğu 0.7052 mC cm⁻²’den 1.644 mC cm⁻²’ye yükselmiş ve anahtarlama süresi 1.5 s’den 1.0 s’ye düşerek daha hızlı elektrokromik tepki elde edilmiştir. Bunun yanında, renklenme verimliliği 139.1 cm² C⁻¹’den 235.3 cm² C⁻¹’ye artarak kompozit filmin yük depolama ve optik modülasyon kapasitesinin iyileştiğini doğrulamıştır. Elde edilen bu iyileşmeler, redoks aktif AlW6-POM kümeleri ile konjuge polimer omurgası arasındaki sinerjik etkileşime bağlanabilir. Bu etkileşim elektron transferini kolaylaştırmakta ve sistemin elektrokimyasal aktivitesini artırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Anderson–Evans tipi polioksometalat kümelerinin karbazol bazlı iletken polimer yapısına entegre edilmesinin, gelişmiş stabilite ve optoelektronik performansa sahip ileri elektrokromik malzemelerin geliştirilmesi için etkili bir strateji olduğu gösterilmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Torlak, Y. (2026). Investigation of the Effect of Anderson–Evans type Polyoxometalate Incorporation on the Optoelectronic Properties of Carbazole-Based Polymer Films. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 2448–2473. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1904611

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