Journals / Natural and Engineering Sciences / 2025 / Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Assessment of Vitamin D3 and Selected Interleukins in Atherosclerosis Patients and Their Association with Various Biochemical Markers in Salah al-Din Governorate

Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-09-01
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this study, *Distinct letters arranged horizontally indicate substantially different levels at (P ≤ 0.05) and (P ≤ 0.01).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This research seeks to assess vitamin D3 and several interleukins in relation to atherosclerosis and their correlation with many biochemical markers.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This work sampled (180) men aged (45-75) years with atherosclerosis.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this study, *Distinct letters arranged horizontally indicate substantially different levels at (P ≤ 0.05) and (P ≤ 0.01).
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Vitamin D3 · Atherosclerosis · Interleukins

Abstract

This research seeks to assess vitamin D3 and several interleukins in relation to atherosclerosis and their correlation with many biochemical markers. This work sampled (180) men aged (45-75) years with atherosclerosis. The sampled is grouped into five: the initial group comprised of 40 individuals with chronic atherosclerosis; the second group included 40 individuals with acute atherosclerosis; the third group consisted of 40 individuals with atherosclerosis and diabetes; the fourth group contained 35 individuals with atherosclerosis receiving vitamin D; and the fifth group comprised 25 healthy individuals without any disease, serving as the control group. The research was conducted at Salah al-Din General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate, including patients admitted to the critical care unit and those in specialized clinics in Tikrit, after a meticulous diagnosis by expert physicians based on clinical manifestations. The level of (P≤0.05) of Vitamin D3 significantly rose for the group of with atherosclerosis taking Vitamin D3, while significantly dropped at the level of (P≤0.01) for the study groups, while the level of (P≤0.05), (P≤0.01) in IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, CD4 and CD8 significantly rose. In this study, *Distinct letters arranged horizontally indicate substantially different levels at (P ≤ 0.05) and (P ≤ 0.01).

🔖

Cite This Article

Ghaffar, M. K., Saeed, I. A. H. M. (2025). Assessment of Vitamin D3 and Selected Interleukins in Atherosclerosis Patients and Their Association with Various Biochemical Markers in Salah al-Din Governorate. Natural and Engineering Sciences, Volume: 10 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1759496

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (41)

  1. Adebayo, O., & Adeoye, A. M. (2020). Atherosclerosis: a journey around the terminology. In Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis and Arteriolosclerosis. IntechOpen.
  2. Brøndum-Jacobsen, P., Benn, M., Jensen, G. B., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2012). 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death: population-based study and meta-analyses of 18 and 17 studies. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 32(11), 2794-2802. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.248039
  3. Chamakuri, R., & Janapana, H. (2024). ADDNet—an enhanced convolutional neural network for detection and classification of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Wirel. Mob. Netw. Ubiquitous Comput. Dependable Appl, 15, 109-132. https://doi.org/10.58346/JOWUA.2024.I4.008
  4. Chistiakov, D. A., Melnichenko, A. A., Grechko, A. V., Myasoedova, V. A., & Orekhov, A. N. (2018). Potential of anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of atherosclerosis. Experimental and molecular pathology, 104(2), 114-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.01.008
  5. Fernandez, Dawn M., Adeeb H. Rahman, Nicolas F. Fernandez, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, El-ad David Amir, Letizia Amadori, Nayaab S. Khan et al. "Single-cell immune landscape of human atherosclerotic plaques." Nature medicine 25, no. 10 (2019): 1576-1588.
  6. Gandhi, N., Prakruthi, B., & Vijaya, C. (2024). Effect of Industrial Emissions on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Channa striata Fresh Water Fish. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies, 4(1), 115-119,. http://doi.org/10.70102/IJARES/V4I1/10
  7. Göring, H. (2018). Vitamin D in nature: a product of synthesis and/or degradation of cell membrane components. Biochemistry (Moscow), 83(11), 1350-1357.
  8. Gupta, N., & Verma, A. (2025). The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease. In Medxplore: Frontiers in Medical Science (pp. 37-51). Periodic Series in Multidisciplinary Studies.
  9. Kassi, E., Adamopoulos, C., Basdra, E. K., & Papavassiliou, A. G. (2013). Role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis. Circulation, 128(23), 2517-2531.
  10. Khanolkar, S., Hirani, P., Mishra, A., Vardan, S., Hirani, S., Prasad, R., & Wangari, M. (2023). Explore role vitamin D in hardening arteries and its impact on Events Cardiac Vascular: A Review Comprehensive. Magazine Kyrios, 15(7), e42470.61.
  11. Khanolkar, S., Hirani, S., Mishra, A., Vardhan, S., Hirani, S., Prasad, R.,. & Khanholkar, S. (2023). Exploring the role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiovascular events: a comprehensive review. Cureus, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42470
  12. Landrier, Jean-François, Esma Karkeni, Julie Marcotorchino, Lauriane Bonnet, and Franck Tourniaire. "Vitamin D modulates adipose tissue biology: possible consequences for obesity?." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 75, no. 1 (2016): 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115004164
  13. Lariviere, M., Bonnet, S., Lorenzato, C., Laroche-Traineau, J., Ottones, F., Jacobin-Valat, M. J., & Clofent-Sanchez, G. (2020, July). Recent advances in the molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. In Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis (Vol. 46, No. 05, pp. 563-586). Thieme Medical Publishers. http://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1701019
  14. Li, B., Li, W., Li, X., & Zhou, H. (2017). Inflammation: a novel therapeutic target/direction in atherosclerosis. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 23(8), 1216-1227. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161230142931
  15. Liuzzo, G., Kopecky, S. L., Frye, R. L., Fallon, W. M. O., Maseri, A., Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (1999). Perturbation of the T-cell repertoire in patients with unstable angina. Circulation, 100(21), 2135-2139 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.100.21.2135.
  16. Liuzzo, G., Pedicino, D., Vinci, R., & Crea, F. (2020). CD8 lymphocytes and plaque erosion: a new piece in the jigsaw. European Heart Journal, 41(37), 3561-3563. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa721
  17. Lysenkov, S. P., Muzhenya, D. V., Tuguz, A. R., & Shumilov, D. S. (2021). An Integral Focus on the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis Based on Modern Data. International Journal of Research, 6(5), 20-31.‏
  18. Milutinović, A., Šuput, D., & Zorc-Pleskovič, R. (2020). Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the tunica intima, media, and adventitia of coronary arteries: An updated review. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 20(1), 21. https://doi.org/ 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4320
  19. Mohammed, N. Y., Aljazaeari, Q. A., & Abdullah, Z. A. (2021). Investigation of biomarkers for coronary syndrome complications in patients with and without diabetes in Basra Province. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 330-336.
  20. National Hear t. (2022). Lung and Blood Institute. Vitamin D for Heart Health: Where the Benefits Begin and End.
  21. Nejad, N. D. (2015). Diagnosis of heart disease and hyperacidity of stomach through iridology based on the neural network introduction. International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 2(6), 17-25.
  22. Pereira‐Santos, M., Costa, P. D. F., Assis, A. D., Santos, C. D. S., & Santos, D. D. (2015). Obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity reviews, 16(4), 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12239
  23. Poznyak, A. V., Khotina, V. A., Melnichenko, A. A., Glanz, V. Y., Sukhorukov, V. N., & Orekhov, A. N. (2024). Vitamin D Deficiency As A Contributor To Atherosclerosis Development–A Review. Integrative Biomedical Research, 8(2), 1-11.
  24. Poznyak, A. V., Khotina, V. A., Postnov, A. Y., Sukhorukov, V. N., Sadykhov, N., & Orekhov, A. N. (2024). Two Forms of C-Reactive Protein and Their Implication for Atherogenesis: Focus on Monomeric Form. Integrative Biomedical Research, 8(1), 1-12.
  25. Roffe-Vazquez, D. N., Huerta-Delgado, A. S., Castillo, E. C., Villarreal-Calderón, J. R., Gonzalez-Gil, A. M., Enriquez, C.,. & Elizondo-Montemayor, L. (2019). Correlation of vitamin D with inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerotic parameters, and lifestyle factors in the setting of heart failure: a 12-month follow-up study. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(22), 5811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225811
  26. Sanlier, N., & Guney-Coskun, M. (2022). Vitamin D, the immune system, and its relationship with diseases. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette, 70(1), 39. https://doi:10.1186/s43054-022-00135-w.
  27. Schäfer, Sarah, and Alma Zernecke. "CD8+ T cells in atherosclerosis." Cells 10, no. 1 (2020): 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10010037
  28. Scharla, S. H. (1998). Prevalence of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in different European countries. Osteoporosis international, 8, S7.
  29. Shibiao, S., Liu, F., Fan, F., Chen, N., Pan, X., Wei, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Exploring the mechanism of atherosclerosis and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine combined with mesenchymal stem cells based on inflammatory targets. Heliyon, 9(11).
  30. Shrivastav, P., & Malakar, U. (2024). Exploring Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Patients with Chronic Diseases. Clinical Journal for Medicine, Health and Pharmacy, 2(3), 21-31.
  31. Spiro, A., & Buttriss, J. (2014). Vitamin D: an overview of vitamin D status and intake in E urope. Nutrition bulletin, 39(4), 322-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.12108
  32. Tian, Y., Liu, Y. F., Wang, Y. Y., Li, Y. Z., Ding, W. Y., & Zhang, C. (2024). Molecular mechanisms of PTEN in atherosclerosis: A comprehensive review. European Journal of Pharmacology, 979, 176857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176857
  33. Uysal, S., Kalayci, A. G., & Baysal, K. (1999). Cardiac functions in children with vitamin D deficiency rickets. Pediatric cardiology, 20(4), 283-286.
  34. Wang, D., Sun, Z., Yin, Y., Xiang, J., Wei, Y., Ma, Y.,. & Liu, G. (2024). Vitamin D and atherosclerosis: unraveling the impact on macrophage function. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 68(14), 2300867. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202300867
  35. Wu, Weihua, Mingli Wang, Zhenjie Sun, Xin Wang, Jiajing Miao, and Zhaohui Zheng. "The predictive value of TNF-α and IL-6 and the incidence of macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes." Acta diabetologica 49, no. 1 (2012): 3-7.
  36. Yaghoobi, A., Mohammadzadeh, S., & Mohammadzadeh, S. (2016). Coping styles, resilience and emotional intelligence in clinical and nonclinical groups. International Academic Journal of Social Sciences, 3(4), 22-31.
  37. Zhang, H., & Dhalla, N. S. (2024). The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(2), 1082. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021082
  38. Zhang, Y., Leung, D. Y., Richers, B. N., Liu, Y., Remigio, L. K., Riches, D. W., & Goleva, E. (2012). Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. The Journal of Immunology, 188(5), 2127-2135.
  39. Khanolkar, S., Hirani, S., Mishra, A., Vardhan, S., Hirani, S., Prasad, R.,. & Khanholkar, S. (2023). Exploring the role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiovascular events: a comprehensive review. Cureus, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42470
  40. Roffe-Vazquez, D. N., Huerta-Delgado, A. S., Castillo, E. C., Villarreal-Calderón, J. R., Gonzalez-Gil, A. M., Enriquez, C.,. & Elizondo-Montemayor, L. (2019). Correlation of vitamin D with inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerotic parameters, and lifestyle factors in the setting of heart failure: a 12-month follow-up study. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(22), 5811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225811
  41. Wang, D., Sun, Z., Yin, Y., Xiang, J., Wei, Y., Ma, Y.,. & Liu, G. (2024). Vitamin D and atherosclerosis: unraveling the impact on macrophage function. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 68(14), 2300867. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202300867