SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Issue: 2026

Evaluation of Some Serum Acute Phase Proteins in Goats with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Siirt Province

Siirt İlinde Enfeksiyöz Keratokonjonktivitli Keçilerde Bazı Serum Akut Faz Proteinlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Özlem Erdeğer(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9210-4744
Tekin Şahin(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1164-3429
Gülşah Akgül(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4804-6502
Mustafa Barış Akgül(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9365-9925
Vedat Baldaz(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-6799-1716
Kerem Ercan(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4914-8578
Serpil Kahya Demirbilek(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0000-0001-6138-7163
Merve Yildiz(ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-2883-2338
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-04-21
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Based on the results, it was suggested that acute phase proteins may be useful indicators for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation developing during IKC.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to evaluate certain acute phase proteins in goats with infectious keratoconjunctivitis.
📊
Key Findings & Data:For this purpose, a total of 75 goats were used—50 with IKC and 25 healthy controls.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Based on the results, it was suggested that acute phase proteins may be useful indicators for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation developing during IKC.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Goat · Infectıous keratıconjunctivitis · Acute Phase Proteins

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate certain acute phase proteins in goats with infectious keratoconjunctivitis. For this purpose, a total of 75 goats were used—50 with IKC and 25 healthy controls. After routine general and ophthalmic examinations (body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, lymph node palpation, abdominal palpation, and lung auscultation), eye swabs were collected from goats diagnosed with IKC. A total of 15 different bacteria were isolated from the eye swabs. The serum was separated from the blood samples taken from the goats included in the study and stored at -20 °C until analysis. Serum levels of amyloid A, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Significant increases in acute phase protein levels were observed in the IKC group. Based on the results, it was suggested that acute phase proteins may be useful indicators for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation developing during IKC.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı infeksiyöz keratokonjuktivit görülen keçilerde bazı akut faz proteinlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla 50’si İKC’li ve 25’i sağlıklı olmak üzere toplam 75 keçi kullanıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hayvanlara rutin genel muayene (beden sıcaklığı, nabız ve solunum sayısı, lenf düğümleri muayenesi, abdominal palpasyon, akciğer oskültasyonu) ve göz muayenesi yapıldıktan sonra, İKC olduğu belirlenen keçilerden göz svabı alındı. Alınan göz svaplarından toplam 15 farklı bakteri izole edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen keçilerden alınan kan örneklerinin serumları ayrıldı ve analiz edilinceye kadar -20 °C’de saklandı. Serum amiloid A, C-reaktif protein, seruloplazmin ve fibrinojenin serum seviyeleri ticari ELISA kitleriyle ölçüldü. İKC grubunda akut faz proteinlerinin düzeylerinde önemli artışlar gözlendi. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, İKC sırasında gelişen inflamasyonun tanı ve takibinde akut faz proteinlerinin önemli olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Erdeğer, Ö., Şahin, T., Akgül, G., Akgül, M. B., Baldaz, V., Ercan, K., Demirbilek, S. K., Yildiz, M. (2026). Evaluation of Some Serum Acute Phase Proteins in Goats with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Siirt Province. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Issue: 2026. https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.1818696

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (39)

  1. Alsemgeest, S. P. M., Taverne, M. A., Boosman, R., van der Weyden, B. C., Gruys, E. (1993). Peripartum acute-phase protein serum amyloid-A concentration in plasma or cows and fetuses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 54(1), 164-167. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.01.164
  2. Angelos, J. A. (2016). Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Cattle and Small Ruminants. In A. Abuelo (Ed.), Merck Veterinary Manual (11 ed., pp. 512-514). Merck & Co., INC. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/eye-diseases-and-disorders/infectious-keratoconjunctivitis/infectious-keratoconjunctivitis-in-cattle-and-small-ruminants
  3. Boosman, R., Niewold, T. A., Mutsaers, C. W., Gruys, E. (1989). Serum amyloid A concentrations in cows given endotoxin as an acute-phase stimulant. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 50(10), 1690-1694.
  4. Bozukluhan, K. (2008). Retikuloperitonitis travmatikalı sığırlarda hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve bazı akut faz proteinlerin araştırılması [Doktora tezi, Kafkas Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. Kars.
  5. Bozukluhan, K., Merhan, O., Büyük, F., Akyüz, E., Gezer, T., Eğritağ, H. E., Gökçe, G. (2022). Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ile enfekte sığırlarda bazı akut faz protein ve biyokimyasal parametre düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Bozok Veterinary Sciences, 3(2), 47-51.
  6. Bozukluhan, K., Merhan, O., Gökçe, H. İ., Öğün, M., Atakişi, E., Kızıltepe, Ş., Gökçe, G. (2018). Determination of some acute phase proteins, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in sheep with naturally infected sheeppox virus. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3).
  7. Ceciliani, F., Giordano, A., Spagnolo, V. (2002). The systemic reaction during inflammation: the acute-phase proteins. Protein and peptide letters, 9(3), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929866023408779
  8. Coşkun, A., Şen, I. (2011). Clinical Use of Acute Phase Proteins in Cattle. Journal of Health Sciences, 20(3), 240-246.
  9. Cray, C. (2012). Acute Phase Proteins in Animals. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 105, 113-150.
  10. Çakır, L., Gümüşsoy, K. S., Kutsal, O., Tunç, A. S. (2014). Evaluation of brush cytology (cytospin technique) and cultural results in the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis in a goat herd. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(1), 35-41.
  11. Biswas, D., Saifuddin, A. K. M. (2017). Effect of different treatment patterns on infectious kerato-conjuctivitis in goats. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 1603-1609.
  12. Eckersall, P., Bell, R. (2010). Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine. The Veterinary Journal, 185(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.009
  13. El-Deeb, W. M., Tharwat, M. (2015). Lipoproteins profile, acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(3), 581-588.
  14. Fernández‐Aguilar, X., Rossi, L., Cabezón, Ó., Giorgino, A., Victoriano Llopis, I., Frey, J., & López‐Olvera, J. R. (2017). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis and occurrence of Mycoplasma conjunctivae and Chlamydiaceae in small domestic ruminants from Central Karakoram, Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 181(9), 237-244.
  15. Ganheim, C., Hulten, C., Carlsson, U., Kindahl, H., Niskanen, R., Waller, K. P. (2003). The acute phase response in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and/or Mannheimia haemolytica. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 50(4), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00658.x
  16. Gelormini, G., Gauthier, D., Vilei, E. M., Crampe, J.-P., Frey, J., Ryser-Degiorgis, M.-P. (2017). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild Caprinae: merging field observations and molecular analyses sheds light on factors shaping outbreak dynamics. BMC veterinary research, 13, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-0972-0
  17. Gonçalves, L. M. T., Bezerra, A. C. P. A., Ferreira, B., Barroso, H. P. S., de Moraes Pereira, H (2026). Clinical and bacteriological diagnosis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in ruminants from herds in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Brazilian Animal Science, 27.
  18. Gökce, H. İ., Bozukluhan, K. (2009). Çiftlik hayvanlarında önemli akut faz proteinleri ve bunların veteriner hekimlik alanındaki kullanımı. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi(1), 1-14.
  19. Haile, W. A., & Ayano, T. (2021). A brief review on the prevalence, diagnosis prevention of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Pure Appl Biosci, 3, 42-9.
  20. Hammadi, K. M. (2015). Bacteriological study of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Iraqi Sheep. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci, 8(1), 42-48.
  21. Heegaard, P. M., Godson, D. L., Toussaint, M. J., Tjørnehøj, K., Larsen, L. E., Viuff, B., Rønsholt, L. (2000). The acute phase response of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) in cattle undergoing experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 77(1-2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00226-9
  22. Horadagoda, A., Eckersall, P., Alsemgeest, S., Gibbs, H. (1993). Purification and quantitative measurement of bovine serum amyloid-A. Research in Veterinary Science, 55(3), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(93)90101-k
  23. Horadagoda, A., Eckersall, P., Hodgson, J., Gibbs, H., Moon, G. (1994). Immediate responses in serum TNFα and acute phase protein concentrations to infection with Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in calves. Research in Veterinary Science, 57(1), 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(94)90094-9
  24. Iliev, P., Georgieva, T. (2018). Acute phase proteins in sheep and goats-function, reference ranges and assessment methods: an overview. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.1050
  25. Iliev, P., Georgieva, T. (2019). Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.1051
  26. Issi, M., Gül, Y., Başbuğ, O., ULUTAŞ, P. (2017). Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin concentrations in cattle with suspicion of coryza gangrenosa bovum. Veterinarski arhiv, 87(6).
  27. Jain, S., Gautam, V., Naseem, S. (2011). Acute-phase proteins: As diagnostic tool. Journal of pharmacy and bioallied sciences, 3(1), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.76489
  28. Karreman, H., Wentink, G., Wensing, T. (2000). Using serum amyloid a to screen dairy cows for sub‐clinical inflammation. Veterinary quarterly, 22(3), 175-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2000.9695051
  29. Katoh, N., Oikawa, S., Oohashi, T., Takahashi, Y., Itoh, F. (2002). Decreases of apolipoprotein B-100 and AI concentrations and induction of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in nonfed calves. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 64(1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.64.51
  30. Kozat, S., Özkan, C. (2018). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in Calves Naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research, 1(2), 34-37.
  31. Murata, H., Shimada, N., Yoshioka, M. (2004). Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. The Veterinary Journal, 168(1), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00119-9
  32. Orro, T., Jacobsen, S., LePage, J.-P., Niewold, T., Alasuutari, S., Soveri, T. (2008). Temporal changes in serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in newborn dairy calves. The Veterinary Journal, 176(2), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.010
  33. Pandey, G. (2018). An outbreak of infectious caprine kerato-conjunctivitis in a flock of goats-case report. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 57(1), 103-108.
  34. Powanda, M. C., Moyer, E. D. (2021). A brief, highly selective history of acute phase proteins as indicators of infection, inflammation and injury. Inflammopharmacology, 29(3), 897-901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00820-z
  35. Saher, A. S., Raza, A., Mehmood, K., Nazar, M. A., Muhammad, Malik, A. I., Li, K. (2025). Role of Acute Phase Protein in Infection of Mycoplasma Bovis in Small Ruminants. Unique Scientific Publishers. https://doi.org/10.47278/book.HH/2025.202.
  36. Samimi, A. S., Aghamiri, S. M., Nazifi, S., Asadi, Z., Farhang, M. (2020). Changes of acute-phase proteins during different physiological conditions in dairy Saanen goats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 29(3), 729-732.
  37. Taşçene, N. (2017). Akut faz proteinlerinin hayvanlarda önemi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 57(1), 52-60.
  38. Tothova, C. S., Nagy, O., & Kovac, G. (2014). Acute phase proteins and their use in the diagnosis of diseases in ruminants: a review. Veterinární medicína, 59(4), 163-180.
  39. Williams, H. J., Duncan, J. S., Fisher, S. N., Coates, A., Stokes, J. E., & Gillespie, A. (2019). Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep: the farmer's perspective. Veterinary Record Open, 6(1), 1-7.