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Journals / Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry / 2026 / Volume: 2026 Issue: 2

Glycoprotein Levels in Rats with Ethanol-Induced Kidney and Small Intestine Injury: Protective Effects of Cotinus coggygria Scop.

Fatma Gülnaz Karakuş(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-2086-2444
Sevim Tunalı(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-3363-1290
Refiye Yanardağ(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-4185-4363
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-09-07
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings revealed that ethanol administration significantly increased sialic acid, hexose, and hexosamine levels in the kidney and small intestine tissues of rats.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Alcohol use disorder is a significant public health problem that is widespread worldwide and causes serious health issues.
📊
Key Findings & Data:During ethanol metabolism, acetaldehyde accumulation and free radical formation increase, causing various tissue damage through oxidative stress.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings revealed that ethanol administration significantly increased sialic acid, hexose, and hexosamine levels in the kidney and small intestine tissues of rats.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ethanol toxicity · Cotinus coggygria Scop. · glycoprotein

Abstract

Alcohol use disorder is a significant public health problem that is widespread worldwide and causes serious health issues. During ethanol metabolism, acetaldehyde accumulation and free radical formation increase, causing various tissue damage through oxidative stress. The Cotinus coggygria Scop., known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been used for therapeutic purposes in traditional medicine for many years. Due to this property, this study aims to investigate the protective effect of Cotinus coggygria Scop. aqueous extract on glycoprotein levels in ethanol-induced kidney and small intestine damage in rats. In the study, 6-8-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a group given 50 mg/kg Cotinus coggygria Scop. aqueous extract, an experimental group given 1 mL absolute ethanol, and a group given 1 mL absolute ethanol 1 h after administration of 50 mg/kg Cotinus coggygria Scop. aqueous extract. The applications were performed via gavage, and tissues were collected under anesthesia 1 h after ethanol administration. Sialic acid, hexose, and hexosamine levels in the collected tissue samples were determined using biochemical methods. The findings revealed that ethanol administration significantly increased sialic acid, hexose, and hexosamine levels in the kidney and small intestine tissues of rats. In contrast, these increases were suppressed in groups administered Cotinus coggygria Scop. aqueous extract, and ethanol-induced tissue damage was significantly reduced. According to the results obtained, it is thought that Cotinus coggygria Scop. aqueous extract may have a protective effect against ethanol-induced kidney and small intestine damage.

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Cite This Article

Karakuş, F. G., Tunalı, S., Yanardağ, R. (2026). Glycoprotein Levels in Rats with Ethanol-Induced Kidney and Small Intestine Injury: Protective Effects of Cotinus coggygria Scop.. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, Volume: 2026 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1932574

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References (80)

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  30. Ertik O, Sener G, Yanardag R. The effect of melatonin on glycoprotein levels and oxidative liver injury in experimental diabetes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Mar 16;37(3):e23268. Available from:.
  31. Topaloglu D, Turkyilmaz IB, Yanardag R. Gastroprotective effect of vitamin U in D‐galactosamine‐induced hepatotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2022 Sep 6;36(9):e23124. Available from:.
  32. Dağsuyu E, Kadıoğlu Yaman SB, Şen A, Şener G, Yanardağ R. Gastroprotective role of Myrtus communis in a dual-condition model combining diabetes and postmenopausal rats: Comparable outcomes to estrogen therapy. Cukurova Med J. 2025 Jun 30;50(2):420–34. Available from:.
  33. Wilma Delphine Silvia CR, Vasudevan DM, Prabhu KS. Evaluation of serum glycoproteins in oral carcinoma. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2001 Jan;16(1):113–5. Available from:.
  34. Kavitha G, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Varadacharyulu NC. Association between plasma glucose and glycoproteins in alcoholic smokers compared to alcoholics and teetotalers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2010 Jul 1;4(3):155–9. Available from:.
  35. Senthilkumar R, Nalini N. The potential beneficial effect of glycine on the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins in an experimental model of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. J Med Food. 2004 Apr;7(1):108–13. Available from:.
  36. Romppanen J, Punnonen K, Anttila P, Jakobsson T, Blake J, Niemelä O. Serum sialic acid as a marker of alcohol consumption: Effect of liver disease and heavy drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Aug 11;26(8):1234–8. Available from:.
  37. Grewal RK, Mahmood A. Ethanol induced changes in glycosylation of mucins in rat intestine. Ann Gastroenterol. 2009;22(3):178–83. Available from:.
  38. Matić S, Stanić S, Mihailović M, Bogojević D. Cotinus coggygria Scop.: An overview of its chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological potential. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2016 Jul 1;23(4):452–61. Available from:.
  39. Stojković D, Dragičević N, Ivanov M, Gajović N, Jurišević M, Jovanović I, et al. New evidence for Cotinus coggygria Scop. extracts application in gastrointestinal ailments. Pharmaceuticals. 2025 Jan 15;18(1):98. Available from:.
  40. Punithavathi VR, Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Kumar MR, Selvakumari CJ. Protective effects of gallic acid on hepatic lipid peroxide metabolism, glycoprotein components and lipids in streptozotocin‐induced type II diabetic wistar rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2011 Mar 5;25(2):68–76. Available from:.
  41. Tahir M, Sultana S. Chrysin modulates ethanol metabolism in wistar rats: A promising role against organ toxicities. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011 Jul 1;46(4):383–92. Available from:.
  42. Kaushal N, Goyal D, Ojha S, Mahmood A. In vitro effects of ethanol on intestinal epithelial cell glycosylation in rats. J Nutr Food Sci. 2013;3(3):1000204. Available from:.
  43. Eliş Yıldız S, Nazlı M. Glikoproteinlerin yapısal özellikleri ve fetal fibronektinler. Cauc J Sci. 2015;2(1):44–50. Available from:.
  44. Ivanova D, Gerova D, Chervenkov T, Yankova T. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan 4;96(1–2):145–50. Available from:.
  45. Sukhikh S, Noskova S, Pungin A, Ivanova S, Skrypnik L, Chupakhin E, et al. Study of the biologically active properties of medicinal plant Cotinus coggygria. Plants. 2021 Jun 16;10(6):1224. Available from:.
  46. Bozkaya E, Türk M, Ekici H, Karahan S. Investigation of the biocompatibility and in vivo wound healing effect of Cotinus coggygria extracts. Ankara Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg. 2024 Jul 10;71(3):269–80. Available from:.
  47. Lu K, Yang CY, Yan ZH. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Cotinus coggygria Scop. extracts in vivo. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2024 Jun 1;14(6):225–35. Available from:.
  48. Kamran S, Kamran SH, Ghauri MA, Raza A, Ajaib M. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Cotinus coggygria. Adv Tradit Med. 2026 Jun 2;26(2):339–48. Available from:.
  49. Pašić I, Novaković M, Tešević V, Milosavljević S, Petrović N, Stanojković T, et al. Exploring the anticancer potential of extracts and compounds from the heartwood of Cotinus coggygria Scop. wild growing in Serbia. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2025 Feb 4;25(1):36. Available from:.
  50. Westenburg HE, Lee KJ, Lee SK, Fong HHS, van Breemen RB, Pezzuto JM, et al. Activity-guided isolation of antioxidative constituents of Cotinus coggygria. J Nat Prod. 2000 Dec 1;63(12):1696–8. Available from:.
  51. Winzler RJ. Determination of serum glycoproteins. In: Methods of Biochemical Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 1955. p. 279–311. Available from:.
  52. Lorentz BK, Weiß T, Kraas E. Sialic acid in serum sialic acid in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid comparison of methods and reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1986;24(3):189–98. Available from:.
  53. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265–75. Available from:.
  54. Antal D, Schwaiger S, Ellmerer-Müller E, Stuppner H. Cotinus coggygria wood: Novel flavanone dimer and development of an HPLC/UV/MS method for the simultaneous determination of fourteen phenolic constituents. Planta Med. 2010 Oct 5;76(15):1765–72. Available from:.
  55. Antal DS, Ardelean F, Jijie R, Pinzaru I, Soica C, Dehelean C. Integrating ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Cotinus coggygria and Toxicodendron vernicifluum: What predictions can be made for the European smoketree? Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 19;12:662852. Available from:.
  56. Canpolat A, Yuca H, Aydın B, Güvenalp Z. Investigation of the potential antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of Cotinus coggygria Scop. Curr Res Heal Sci. 2024 Oct 28;1(3):105–14. Available from:.
  57. Contreras-Zentella ML, Villalobos-García D, Hernández-Muñoz R. Ethanol metabolism in the liver, the induction of oxidant stress, and the antioxidant defense system. Antioxidants. 2022 Jun 26;11(7):1258. Available from:.
  58. Ramkissoon R. Alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease. Alcohol Res Curr Rev. 2022 Nov 10;42(1):13. Available from:.
  59. Nutt D, Hayes A, Fonville L, Zafar R, Palmer EOC, Paterson L, et al. Alcohol and the brain. Nutrients. 2021 Nov 4;13(11):3938. Available from:.
  60. Fernández-Solà J. The effects of ethanol on the heart: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 22;12(2):572. Available from:.
  61. Caputo F, Guarino M, Casabianca A, Lungaro L, Costanzini A, Caio G, et al. Effects of ethanol on the digestive system: A narrative review. J Transl Gastroenterol. 2024 Dec 20;2(4):186–92. Available from:.
  62. Ong G, Logue SE. Unfolding the interactions between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Antioxidants. 2023 Apr 22;12(5):981. Available from:.
  63. Welti M, Hülsmeier AJ. Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-Linked glycosylation. J Cell Biochem. 2014 Apr 1;115(4):754–62. Available from:.
  64. Yalçin A. Posttranslasyonel modifikasyon ve protein fonksiyonu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg. 2012 Jun 1;31(1):29–38. Available from:.
  65. Yavuz Ö. Glikoproteinler ve biyomedikal önemi. Turkiye Klin J Med Sci. 2001;21(6):517–22. Available from:.
  66. Thakkar V, Patel P, Prajapati N, Kaur R, Nandave M. Serum levels of glycoproteins are elevated in patients with ovarian cancer. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2014 Jul 8;29(3):345–50. Available from:.
  67. Sacan O, Turkyilmaz IB, Bayrak BB, Mutlu O, Akev N, Yanardag R. Zinc supplementation ameliorates glycoprotein components and oxidative stress changes in the lung of streptozotocin diabetic rats. BioMetals. 2016 Apr 27;29(2):239–48. Available from:.
  68. Bayrak BB, Tunali S, Bal-Demirci T, Ulkuseven B, Yanardag R. Glycoprotein levels and oxidative lung injury in experimental diabetes: Effect of oxovanadium(IV) complex based on thiosemicarbazone. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2021 Oct 13;31(8):581–8. Available from:.
  69. Ertik O, Saçan Ö, Kabasakal L, Şener G, Yanardağ R. Protective effect of chard extract on glycoprotein compounds and advanced Oxidation protein product levels in diabetic rat livers. Experimed. 2021 Apr 27;11(1):27–32. Available from:.
  70. Ertik O, Sener G, Yanardag R. The effect of melatonin on glycoprotein levels and oxidative liver injury in experimental diabetes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Mar 16;37(3):e23268. Available from:.
  71. Topaloglu D, Turkyilmaz IB, Yanardag R. Gastroprotective effect of vitamin U in D‐galactosamine‐induced hepatotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2022 Sep 6;36(9):e23124. Available from:.
  72. Dağsuyu E, Kadıoğlu Yaman SB, Şen A, Şener G, Yanardağ R. Gastroprotective role of Myrtus communis in a dual-condition model combining diabetes and postmenopausal rats: Comparable outcomes to estrogen therapy. Cukurova Med J. 2025 Jun 30;50(2):420–34. Available from:.
  73. Wilma Delphine Silvia CR, Vasudevan DM, Prabhu KS. Evaluation of serum glycoproteins in oral carcinoma. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2001 Jan;16(1):113–5. Available from:.
  74. Kavitha G, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Varadacharyulu NC. Association between plasma glucose and glycoproteins in alcoholic smokers compared to alcoholics and teetotalers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2010 Jul 1;4(3):155–9. Available from:.
  75. Senthilkumar R, Nalini N. The potential beneficial effect of glycine on the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins in an experimental model of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. J Med Food. 2004 Apr;7(1):108–13. Available from:.
  76. Romppanen J, Punnonen K, Anttila P, Jakobsson T, Blake J, Niemelä O. Serum sialic acid as a marker of alcohol consumption: Effect of liver disease and heavy drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Aug 11;26(8):1234–8. Available from:.
  77. Grewal RK, Mahmood A. Ethanol induced changes in glycosylation of mucins in rat intestine. Ann Gastroenterol. 2009;22(3):178–83. Available from:.
  78. Matić S, Stanić S, Mihailović M, Bogojević D. Cotinus coggygria Scop.: An overview of its chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological potential. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2016 Jul 1;23(4):452–61. Available from:.
  79. Stojković D, Dragičević N, Ivanov M, Gajović N, Jurišević M, Jovanović I, et al. New evidence for Cotinus coggygria Scop. extracts application in gastrointestinal ailments. Pharmaceuticals. 2025 Jan 15;18(1):98. Available from:.
  80. Punithavathi VR, Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Kumar MR, Selvakumari CJ. Protective effects of gallic acid on hepatic lipid peroxide metabolism, glycoprotein components and lipids in streptozotocin‐induced type II diabetic wistar rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2011 Mar 5;25(2):68–76. Available from:.