Journals / Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Effect of Metal Doping on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Norepinephrine: A DFT Study on Fe, Mg, and Zn Modifications for Enhanced Bioactivity

Ala Hssaın(University of Halabja)0000-0001-9774-0555
Mehmet Hanifi Kebiroglu(Darende Bekir Ilicak Vocational School, Malatya Turgut Ozal University)0000-0002-6764-3364
Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-06-17
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results demonstrate that metal-doped NP may have promising uses in neuropharmacology, contributing to the development of new therapeutic medicines for mood and brain health.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study investigates the metal doping effects on the electronic, optical, and biological properties of norepinephrine (NP) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
📊
Key Findings & Data:It was determined that pure NP had a band gap of 5.59 eV.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results demonstrate that metal-doped NP may have promising uses in neuropharmacology, contributing to the development of new therapeutic medicines for mood and brain health.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Norepinephrine · DFT · FTIR

Abstract

This study investigates the metal doping effects on the electronic, optical, and biological properties of norepinephrine (NP) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. A key neurotransmitter in the human brain, NP is involved in mood regulation and cognitive processes. NP is doped with Fe, Mg, and Zn atoms, which are known to have positive impacts on brain health, to enhance its bioactivity. Comprehensive analysis is conducted on the structural characteristics, bandgap energies, FTIR spectra, UV-visible absorption, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Fukui functions, and Density of States (DOS). It was determined that pure NP had a band gap of 5.59 eV. The bandgap was significantly reduced by doping with Fe, Mg, and Zn, to 2.791 eV, 2.28 eV, and 1.71 eV, respectively, indicating improved electron transfer capabilities. This reduction in bandgap could enhance NP's ability to interact with biological systems and increase its effectiveness in neurochemical processes linked to mood elevation and cognitive enhancement. The results demonstrate that metal-doped NP may have promising uses in neuropharmacology, contributing to the development of new therapeutic medicines for mood and brain health.

🔖

Cite This Article

Hssaın, A., Kebiroglu, M. H. (2025). Effect of Metal Doping on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Norepinephrine: A DFT Study on Fe, Mg, and Zn Modifications for Enhanced Bioactivity. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, Volume: 8 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1590176

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (37)

  1. A.B. Silverberg, S.D. Shah, M.W. Haymond, P.E. Cryer, Norepinephrine: hormone and neurotransmitter in man, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 234(3) (1978) E252.
  2. L.A. Schwarz, L. Luo, Organization of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, Current Biology 25(21) (2015) R1051-R1056.
  3. C. Moret, M. Briley, The importance of norepinephrine in depression, Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 7(sup1) (2011) 9-13.
  4. K.J. Ressler, C.B. Nemeroff, Role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders, Biological psychiatry 46(9) (1999) 1219-1233.
  5. A.W. Goddard, S.G. Ball, J. Martinez, M.J. Robinson, C.R. Yang, J.M. Russell, A. Shekhar, Current perspectives of the roles of the central norepinephrine system in anxiety and depression, Depression and anxiety 27(4) (2010) 339-350.
  6. A. Hssain, Serotonin: Structural characterization and determination of the Band Gap Energy, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 2(2) (2019) 54-58.
  7. D.J. Nutt, D.S. Baldwin, A.H. Clayton, The role of dopamine and norepinephrine in depression and antidepressant treatment, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67(Suppl 6) (2006) 3-8.
  8. M.K. Shellenberger, J. Gordon, A rapid, simplified procedure for simultaneous assay of norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine from discrete brain areas, Anal. Biochem. 39(2) (1971) 356-372.
  9. M. Paukert, A. Agarwal, J. Cha, V.A. Doze, J.U. Kang, D.E. Bergles, Norepinephrine controls astroglial responsiveness to local circuit activity, Neuron 82(6) (2014) 1263-1270.
  10. M. Yılmaz, H. Kebiroglu, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Quantum Chemical Calculations of Ca+ 2 Doped Norepinephrine Molecule by Using DFT and HF Methods, International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 10(1) 1-11.
  11. D.-D. Li, W. Zhang, Z.-Y. Wang, P. Zhao, Serum copper, zinc, and iron levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of case-control studies, Frontiers in aging neuroscience 9 (2017) 300.
  12. J.-P. Dales, S. Desplat-Jégo, Metal imbalance in neurodegenerative diseases with a specific concern to the brain of multiple sclerosis patients, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(23) (2020) 9105.
  13. A. Fontes, A.T. Jauch, J. Sailer, J. Engler, A.M. Azul, H. Zischka, Metabolic Derangement of Essential Transition Metals and Potential Antioxidant Therapies, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25(14) (2024) 7880.
  14. N. Bulut, O. Kaygili, A.H. Hssain, S.V. Dorozhkin, B. Abdelghani, C. Orek, H. Kebiroglu, T. Ates, R.O. Kareem, Mg-Dopant Effects on Band Structures of Zn-Based Hydroxyapatites: A Theoretical Study, Iranian Journal of Science 47(5) (2023) 1843-1859.
  15. M. Frisch, gaussian 09, Revision d. 01, Gaussian, Inc, Wallingford CT 201 (2009).
  16. N.M. O'boyle, A.L. Tenderholt, K.M. Langner, Cclib: a library for package‐independent computational chemistry algorithms, J. Comput. Chem. 29(5) (2008) 839-845.
  17. A.H. Hssain, N. Bulut, T. Ates, S. Koytepe, A. Kuruçay, H. Kebiroglu, O. Kaygili, Sr/Smco-doped hydroxyapatites: experimental characterization and theoretical research, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 58(5) (2022) 1491-1507.
  18. A.H. Hssain, N. Bulut, T. Ates, S. Koytepe, A. Kuruçay, H. Kebiroglu, O. Kaygili, Experimental characterization and theoretical investigation of Zn/Sm co-doped hydroxyapatites, Materials Today Communications 31 (2022) 103850.
  19. A.H. Hssain, N. Bulut, T. Ates, S. Koytepe, A. Kuruçay, H. Kebiroglu, O. Kaygili, The experimental and theoretical investigation of Sm/Mg co-doped hydroxyapatites, Chem. Phys. Lett. 800 (2022) 139677.
  20. A.H. Hssain, B. Gündüz, A. Majid, N. Bulut, NTCDA compounds of optoelectronic interest: Theoretical insights and experimental investigation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 780 (2021) 138918.
  21. A. Hssain, DFT modelling studies of spectroscopic properties and Medium Effects on Molecular Reactivity of Secnidazole in different solvents, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 5(1) (2022) 69-83.
  22. R. Dennington, T.A. Keith, J.M. Millam, GaussView, version 6.0. 16, Semichem Inc Shawnee Mission KS (2016).
  23. H. Kebiroglu, Investigation of Electronic and Spectroscopic Properties of Ca-Phosphosilicate molecule by Quantum Programming, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 6(1) (2023) 77-82.
  24. M. Yılmaz, H. Kebiroglu, Investigation of K-Serotonin Structure Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by Quantum Chemical Methods, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 5(2) (2022) 49-55.
  25. U. Pandey, M. Srivastava, R. Singh, R. Yadav, DFT study of conformational and vibrational characteristics of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole molecule, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 129 (2014) 61-73.
  26. D. Jacquemin, V. Wathelet, E.A. Perpete, C. Adamo, Extensive TD-DFT benchmark: singlet-excited states of organic molecules, Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 5(9) (2009) 2420-2435.
  27. B. Xie, Q. Wang, X. Long, S. Hu, T. Gao, Density Function Theory Study on the Reaction Mechanism of Cerium with Oxygen for Ce-bearing Aerosol Particle Formation, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 35 (2020) 501-505.
  28. L. Ibrahimzade, O. Kaygili, S. Dundar, T. Ates, S.V. Dorozhkin, N. Bulut, S. Koytepe, F. Ercan, C. Gürses, A.H. Hssain, Theoretical and experimental characterization of Pr/Ce co-doped hydroxyapatites, J. Mol. Struct. 1240 (2021) 130557.
  29. S. Acar, O. Kaygili, T. Ates, S.V. Dorozhkin, N. Bulut, B. Ates, S. Koytepe, F. Ercan, H. Kebiroglu, A.H. Hssain, Experimental characterization and theoretical investigation of Ce/Yb co-doped hydroxyapatites, Mater. Chem. Phys. 276 (2022) 125444.
  30. R. Magyar, S. Tretiak, Y. Gao, H.-L. Wang, A. Shreve, A joint theoretical and experimental study of phenylene–acetylene molecular wires, Chem. Phys. Lett. 401(1-3) (2005) 149-156.
  31. R.G. Parr, W. Yang Density functional theory of atoms and molecules, Oxford University Press 1 (1989) 1989.
  32. A. Uppal, P. Kour, A. Kumar, Y. Khajuria, Synthesis, structural, vibrational, electronic, thermal and Fukui analysis of diethyl (hydroxy (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl) phosphonate, J. Mol. Struct. 1166 (2018) 218-227.
  33. K. Fukui, Role of frontier orbitals in chemical reactions, Science 218(4574) (1982) 747-754.
  34. R. Hoffmann, R. Woodward, Orbital Symmetry Control of Chemical Reactions: The tendency to maintain bonding governs the complex motions of molecules in the course of reaction, Science 167(3919) (1970) 825-831.
  35. C. Morell, A. Grand, A. Toro-Labbé, New dual descriptor for chemical reactivity,, J. Phys. Chem. A. 205 (2005) 212.
  36. Fontes, A., Jauch, A.T., Sailer, J., Engler, J., Azul, A.M., and Zischka, H. (2024). Metabolic Derangement of Essential Transition Metals and Potential Antioxidant Therapies, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, C Vol. 25 (14), pp: 7880.
  37. C. Morell, A. Grand, A. Toro-Labbé, New dual descriptor for chemical reactivity,, J. Phys. Chem. A. 205 (2005) 212.