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Journals / Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology / 2021 / Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Four-Dimensional Printing Technology at the Frontier of Advanced Modeling and Applications in Brain Tissue Engineering

Gelişmiş Modellemede Yeni Alan Dört Boyutlu Baskı Teknolojisi ve Beyin Doku Mühendisliğinde Uygulamaları

Merve Nur Soykan(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-1231-9791
Tayfun Şengel(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-1162-6979
Aliakbar Ebrahimi(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6437-7796
Murat Kaya(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-4277-6304
Burcugül Altuğ Tasa(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-4460-8467
Hamed Ghorbanpoor(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-2665-8172
Onur Uysal(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6800-5607
Ayla Eker Sarıboyacı(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-4536-9859
Huseyin Avci(ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-2475-1963
Pages
46–57
Publication Date
2021-12-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It is expected that 4D bioprinters will be adopted and rapid developments will occur in the multidisciplinary field of tissue engineering of brain tissue in the near coming years.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The complex process behind the brain topology, which has been extensively studied for the last ten years, is still unclear.
📊
Key Findings & Data:With the development of 4-dimensional (4D) bioprinters using cell-loaded smart materials, a promising path has been opened in the mimicry of the neural tissue.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It is expected that 4D bioprinters will be adopted and rapid developments will occur in the multidisciplinary field of tissue engineering of brain tissue in the near coming years.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Nöral doku mühendisliği · Nöral modelleme · 4B yazıcı

Abstract

The complex process behind the brain topology, which has been extensively studied for the last ten years, is still unclear. Therefore, neural tissue engineering studies are needed to better understand cortical folds. With the development of 4-dimensional (4D) bioprinters using cell-loaded smart materials, a promising path has been opened in the mimicry of the neural tissue. In our study, we review the usage areas of 4D printers, which have been developing in recent years, in modelling brain tissue. As a result of development of smart materials printed with 3-dimensional (3D) printers caused emerging of 4D printers, rapidly. Smart materials can change their properties based on physical, chemical and biological stimuli, and this change can be a reversible process. Cell-loaded printed smart materials should have little effect on cell viability of both the incoming stimulus and the physical change. It is also important that the material used is non-toxic and the solvent is suitable for cell viability. On the other hand, hydrogels are frequently studied to mimic the complex neural network of neural tissue. Agents that affect the crosslinking or degree of crosslinking of hydrogels can be easily controlled and changed. In addition, studies with neural stem cells have shown that hydrogels have a supportive effect on the proliferation and maturation of neural stem cells. Since the folding time, strength and location of smart materials cannot be known precisely, it can be an advantage of 4D bioprinters as it can be controlled and studied whether the results of the stress on the cells in this region will affect other cells. It is an ideal methodology to study the effect of cortical folding on neural stem cells, especially thanks to the ease of experimental manipulations provided by 4D bioprinters. It is expected that 4D bioprinters will be adopted and rapid developments will occur in the multidisciplinary field of tissue engineering of brain tissue in the near coming years.

Özet

Son on yıldır kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılan beyin topolojisinin arkasında yatan süreç henüz belirsizdir. Kortikal katlanmaların daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için nöral doku mühendisliği çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Hücre yüklü akıllı malzemelerin kullanıldığı 4 boyutlu (4B) biyoyazıcıların gelişmesi ile nöral dokunun mimik edilmesinde umut verici bir yol açılmıştır. Çalışmamızda son yıllarda gelişmekte olan 4B yazıcıların beyin dokusunun modellenmesinde kullanım alanlarını gözden geçirmekteyiz. 3 boyutlu (3B) yazıcılar ile basılan akıllı malzemelerin gelişmesiyle 4B yazıcılar ortaya çıkmıştır. Akıllı malzemeler fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik uyaranlara dayalı olarak özelliklerini değiştirebilirler ve bu değişiklik geri dönüşümlü bir süreçtir. Hücre yüklü olarak basılan akıllı malzemeler hem gelen uyarıcının hem de fiziksel değişimin hücre canlılığı üzerinde çok az bir etki yaratması gerekir. Ayrıca kullanılan malzemenin toksik olmaması ve çözücünü hücre canlılığına uygun olması da önemlidir. Nöral dokunun karmaşık sinir ağının mimik edilebilmesi için hidrojeller ile sıklıkla çalışılmaktadır. Hidrojellerin çapraz bağlanmasını veya çapraz bağlanma derecesini etkileyen ajanlar kolaylıkla kontrol edilebilir ve değiştirilebilir. Ayrıca nöral kök hücreler ile yapılan çalışmalarda hidrojellerin nöral kök hücrelerin proliferasyon ve olgunlaşması üzerinde destekleyici bir etkiye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Akıllı malzemelerin katlanma zamanı, kuvveti ve yeri kesin olarak bilinemediği için bu bölgede bulunan hücreler üzerindeki stresin sonuçlarının diğer hücreleri etkileyip etkilemeyeceğinin ön görülmesi zorluğu 4B biyoyazıcıların bir avantajı olarak karşımıza çıkma ihtimalini göstermektedir. Burada özellikle 4B biyoyazıcıların sağladığı deneysel manipülasyonların kolaylığı sayesinde kortikal katlanmanın nöral kök hücreler üzerine etkisini incelemek için ideal bir metodolojidir. Önümüzdeki yakın yıllarda multidisipliner olan beyin doku mühendisliği alanında 4B biyoyazıcıların benimseneceği ve hızlı gelişmelerin olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Son on yıldır kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılan beyin topolojisinin arkasında yatan süreç henüz belirsizdir. Kortikal katlanmaların daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için nöral doku mühendisliği çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Hücre yüklü akıllı malzemelerin kullanıldığı 4 boyutlu (4B) biyoyazıcıların gelişmesi ile nöral dokunun mimik edilmesinde umut verici bir yol açılmıştır. Çalışmamızda son yıllarda gelişmekte olan 4B yazıcıların beyin dokusunun modellenmesinde kullanım alanlarını gözden geçirmekteyiz. 3 boyutlu (3B) yazıcılar ile basılan akıllı malzemelerin gelişmesiyle 4B yazıcılar ortaya çıkmıştır. Akıllı malzemeler fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik uyaranlara dayalı olarak özelliklerini değiştirebilirler ve bu değişiklik geri dönüşümlü bir süreçtir. Hücre yüklü olarak basılan akıllı malzemeler hem gelen uyarıcının hem de fiziksel değişimin hücre canlılığı üzerinde çok az bir etki yaratması gerekir. Ayrıca kullanılan malzemenin toksik olmaması ve çözücünü hücre canlılığına uygun olması da önemlidir. Nöral dokunun karmaşık sinir ağının mimik edilebilmesi için hidrojeller ile sıklıkla çalışılmaktadır. Hidrojellerin çapraz bağlanmasını veya çapraz bağlanma derecesini etkileyen ajanlar kolaylıkla kontrol edilebilir ve değiştirilebilir. Ayrıca nöral kök hücreler ile yapılan çalışmalarda hidrojellerin nöral kök hücrelerin proliferasyon ve olgunlaşması üzerinde destekleyici bir etkiye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Akıllı malzemelerin katlanma zamanı, kuvveti ve yeri kesin olarak bilinemediği için bu bölgede bulunan hücreler üzerindeki stresin sonuçlarının diğer hücreleri etkileyip etkilemeyeceğinin ön görülmesi zorluğu 4B biyoyazıcıların bir avantajı olarak karşımıza çıkma ihtimalini göstermektedir. Burada özellikle 4B biyoyazıcıların sağladığı deneysel manipülasyonların kolaylığı sayesinde kortikal katlanmanın nöral kök hücreler üzerine etkisini incelemek için ideal bir metodolojidir. Önümüzdeki yakın yıllarda multidisipliner olan beyin doku mühendisliği alanında 4B biyoyazıcıların benimseneceği ve hızlı gelişmelerin olacağını düşünmekteyiz

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Cite This Article

Soykan, M. N., Şengel, T., Ebrahimi, A., Kaya, M., Tasa, B. A., Ghorbanpoor, H., Uysal, O., Sarıboyacı, A. E., Avci, H. (2021). Four-Dimensional Printing Technology at the Frontier of Advanced Modeling and Applications in Brain Tissue Engineering. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.51934/jomit.1016838

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