Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Molecular subtypes and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer across age groups: a retrospective analysis

Yaş gruplarına göre meme kanserinin moleküler alt tipleri ve klinikopatolojik özellikleri: retrospektif bir analiz

Aykut Turhan(ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ İÇ HASTALIKLARI ANA BİLİM DALI , TIBBİ ONKOLOJİ BİLİM DALI)0000-0002-2535-9816
Neslihan Özyurt(ORDU UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE)0000-0002-1404-8983
Pages
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Publication Date
2025-07-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Younger patients more frequently exhibit aggressive subtypes, highlighting the need for age-specific screening strategies and personalized treatment.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: To evaluate the relationship between age at diagnosis and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in a retrospective single-center cohort at the Ordu University Training and Research Hospital.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: We reviewed the data of 139 female patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma between January 2020 and March 2025.
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Conclusion & Impact:Younger patients more frequently exhibit aggressive subtypes, highlighting the need for age-specific screening strategies and personalized treatment.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Breast cancer · age at diagnosis · molecular subtype

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the relationship between age at diagnosis and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in a retrospective single-center cohort at the Ordu University Training and Research Hospital. Methods: We reviewed the data of 139 female patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma between January 2020 and March 2025. Clinical and pathological data, including age at diagnosis, body-mass index (BMI), TNM stage, histological subtype and grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and Ki-67 index, were extracted from the medical records. Tumors were classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative subtypes. Patients were stratified into three age groups: <40, 40-59, and ≥60 years. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests for categorical variables, one-way ANOVA for continuous variables, and multivariable logistic regression; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 56.6±12.5 years (range, 29-83 years); 10.8% were <40 years, 47.5% were 40-59 years, and 41.7% were ≥60 years. The luminal A (41.0%) and luminal B (36.7%) subtypes predominated in the cohort. HER2-enriched (8.6%) and triple-negative (13.7%) tumors were most prevalent in the <40 group, accounting for 6.7% and 46.7% of that cohort, respectively. The variation in molecular subtypes was notably different across the various age groups (X2=22.2, p=0.001). Additionally, the median BMI showed significant differences among the subtypes, with the luminal A group having the highest median BMI of 29.4 kg/m2, while the triple-negative group had the lowest BMI of 26.6 kg/m2 (ANOVA, p=0.012). Furthermore, aggressive subtypes, such as HER2-enriched and triple-negative, were strongly linked to advanced-stage disease (X2=19.4, p<0.001). According to the multivariate analysis, a higher tumor grade was independently associated with non-luminal subtypes (odds ratio=13.96; 95% confidence interval: 4.46-43.69; p<0.001), whereas factors such as age, BMI, and TNM stage did not show a significant association with subtype classification. Conclusion: Age at diagnosis was significantly associated with molecular subtype distribution, BMI, and stage at presentation. Younger patients more frequently exhibit aggressive subtypes, highlighting the need for age-specific screening strategies and personalized treatment.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ordu Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde yürütülen retrospektif, tek merkezli bir kohortta tanı yaşı ile meme kanserinin moleküler alt tipleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2020 ile Mart 2025 tarihleri arasında invaziv meme karsinomu tanısı almış 139 kadın hastanın verileri geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Tanı yaşı, beden kitle indeksi (BKİ), TNM evresi, histolojik alt tip ve grade, östrojen reseptörü (ER), progesteron reseptörü (PR), HER2 durumu ve Ki-67 indeksi gibi klinik ve patolojik veriler hasta dosyalarından elde edildi. Tümörler luminal A, luminal B, HER2-zengin ve triple-negatif alt tipler olarak sınıflandırıldı. Hastalar üç yaş grubuna ayrıldı: <40, 40–59 ve ≥60 yaş. İstatistiksel analizlerde kategorik değişkenler için ki-kare testi, sürekli değişkenler için tek yönlü ANOVA ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon kullanıldı; p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Tanı anındaki ortalama yaş 56.6±12.5 yıl (29–83 yıl aralığında) idi; hastaların %10.8’i <40 yaş, %47.5’i 40-59 yaş ve %41.7’si ≥60 yaş grubundaydı. En sık görülen alt tipler luminal A (%41.0) ve luminal B (%36.7) idi. HER2-zengin (%8.6) ve triple-negatif (%13.7) tümörler en çok <40 yaş grubunda görüldü ve bu gruptaki hastaların sırasıyla %6.7’sini ve %46.7’sini oluşturdu. Ki-kare testi, yaş grupları arasında alt tip dağılımında anlamlı fark olduğunu gösterdi (χ²=22.2, p=0.001). Medyan BKİ en yüksek luminal A tümörlerde (29.4) ve en düşük triple-negatif tümörlerde (26.6) saptandı (ANOVA p=0.012). Hastaların %64’ünde erken evre (I–II) hastalık saptanırken, ileri evre (III–IV) tanı, anlamlı olarak agresif alt tiplerle ilişkili bulundu (χ²=19.4, p<0.001). Sonuç: Tanı yaşı ile moleküler alt tip dağılımı, BKİ ve başvuru evresi arasında anlamlı ilişkiler saptandı. Genç hastalarda daha sık agresif alt tipler görülmesi, yaşa özel tarama stratejileri ve kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi yaklaşımlarının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Turhan, A., Özyurt, N. (2025). Molecular subtypes and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer across age groups: a retrospective analysis. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 8 Issue: 4. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1714998

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