Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Utility of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score for predicting cerebral embolic events in patients with infective endocarditis

Enfektif endokarditli hastalarda serebral embolik olayları öngörmede CHA₂DS₂-VASc skorunun kullanımı

Anar Mammadli(Department of Cardiology, Bayındır Soğütözü Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye)0000-0002-1351-1905
Ayşe İrem Demirtola(University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital - Cardiology Department)0000-0003-4846-0770
Duygu İnan(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İSTANBUL BAŞAKŞEHİR ÇAM VE SAKURA ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, KARDİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0003-3921-6469
Pages
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Publication Date
2025-07-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Its integration into clinical assessment may enhance embolic risk stratification, particularly during the active phase of the disease, and support timely decision-making in this high-risk population.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: Cerebral embolic events (CEEs) are among the most serious complications of infective endocarditis (IE), yet risk stratification remains challenging in routine clinical practice.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 158 patients with definite IE.
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Conclusion & Impact:Its integration into clinical assessment may enhance embolic risk stratification, particularly during the active phase of the disease, and support timely decision-making in this high-risk population.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Infective endocarditis · CHA₂DS₂-VASc · intracranial embolism

Abstract

Aims: Cerebral embolic events (CEEs) are among the most serious complications of infective endocarditis (IE), yet risk stratification remains challenging in routine clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score in predicting CEEs during the active phase of IE, using a simple and accessible clinical tool. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 158 patients with definite IE. CEEs were defined as ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack confirmed by neuroimaging. The association between the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and CEEs was assessed using logistic regression. Two models were constructed; model 1 (baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables) and model 2 (model 1+CHA₂DS₂-VASc). Model performance was evaluated using AUC, AIC, Nagelkerke R², Brier Score, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Results: CEEs occurred in 32 patients (20%). The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was significantly higher in patients with CEEs (p=0.011) and remained an independent predictor in multivariate analysis (OR 3.00, 95% CI: 1.26-7.18, p=0.013). Incorporating the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score into the predictive model led to a substantial improvement in discrimination, increasing the AUC from 0.686 to 0.732. A threshold score of 2 provided optimal classification, demonstrating favorable sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients at risk of CEEs. Notably, the predictive value of the score remained robust across key subgroups, including those with left-sided IE, prosthetic material, atrial fibrillation, and preserved ejection fraction. Conclusion: The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score is a strong and independent predictor of CEEs in patients with IE. Its integration into clinical assessment may enhance embolic risk stratification, particularly during the active phase of the disease, and support timely decision-making in this high-risk population.

Özet

Amaç: Serebral embolik olaylar (SEO), enfektif endokarditin (EE) en ciddi komplikasyonları arasında yer almakta olup, klinik pratikte risk sınıflaması hâlâ zorluk arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, EE’nin aktif fazında SEO’ları öngörmede kolay ve ulaşılabilir bir klinik araç olan CHA₂DS₂-VASc skorunun kullanım değerini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif, tek merkezli çalışmaya kesin EE tanısı alan 158 hasta dahil edildi. SEO, nörogörüntüleme ile doğrulanmış iskemik inme veya geçici iskemik atak olarak tanımlandı. CHA₂DS₂-VASc skoru ile SEO arasındaki ilişki lojistik regresyon ile değerlendirildi. İki model oluşturuldu: Model 1 (temel klinik ve ekokardiyografik değişkenler) ve Model 2 (Model 1 + CHA₂DS₂-VASc). Model performansı AUC, AIC, Nagelkerke R², Brier Skoru, kalibrasyon eğrisi ve karar eğrisi analizi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: SEO, 32 hastada (%20) gelişti. CHA₂DS₂-VASc skoru SEO gelişen hastalarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p = 0.011) ve çok değişkenli analizde bağımsız bir öngörücü olarak saptandı (OR 3.00, %95 GA: 1.26–7.18, p = 0.013). CHA₂DS₂-VASc skorunun modele dahil edilmesi, ayırt edici gücü anlamlı ölçüde artırdı (AUC: 0.686 → 0.732). Skor için belirlenen eşik değeri olan 2, SEO riski olan hastaların saptanmasında iyi bir duyarlılık ve özgüllük sağladı. Özellikle, bu skorun öngörücü gücü sol taraflı EE, protez materyal varlığı, atriyal fibrilasyon ve korunmuş ejeksiyon fraksiyonu olan alt gruplarda da korundu. Sonuç: CHA₂DS₂-VASc skoru, EE hastalarında SEO gelişimini öngörmede güçlü ve bağımsız bir prediktördür. Bu skoru klinik değerlendirmeye entegre etmek, özellikle hastalığın aktif fazında emboli risk sınıflamasını iyileştirebilir ve yüksek riskli bu popülasyonda zamanında karar vermeyi destekleyebilir.

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Cite This Article

Mammadli, A., Demirtola, A. İ., İnan, D. (2025). Utility of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score for predicting cerebral embolic events in patients with infective endocarditis. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 8 Issue: 4. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1683602

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