Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 5

Prevalence and determinants of orthodontic malocclusions in children: a multifactorial analysis

Çocuklarda ortodontik maloklüzyonların prevalansı ve belirleyicileri: çok faktörlü bir analiz

Yasin Akbulut(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS)0000-0002-3828-2483
Semih Ercan Akgün(ONDOKUZ MAYIS UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-7266-8593
Pages
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Publication Date
2025-09-16
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The implementation of multidisciplinary oral health strategies at an early age may be effective in reducing the incidence of both orthodontic anomalies and dental caries.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: To determine the prevalence of orthodontic malocclusions in children and adolescents and to evaluate, through a multifactorial approach, the associations between these malocclusions and mesiodistal dimension loss, presence of dental caries, missing teeth, oral hygiene habits, and dietary behaviors.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 1092 children aged 4-15 years.
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Conclusion & Impact:The implementation of multidisciplinary oral health strategies at an early age may be effective in reducing the incidence of both orthodontic anomalies and dental caries.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Malocclusion · dental caries · tooth loss

Abstract

Aims: To determine the prevalence of orthodontic malocclusions in children and adolescents and to evaluate, through a multifactorial approach, the associations between these malocclusions and mesiodistal dimension loss, presence of dental caries, missing teeth, oral hygiene habits, and dietary behaviors. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 1092 children aged 4-15 years. Participants were stratified into age groups, and clinical examinations were performed to assess malocclusion type, number of missing and decayed teeth, oral hygiene indices (Gingival Index and Plaque Index), as well as individual oral hygiene and dietary habits. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Depending on the data type and distribution, Chi-square tests with Bonferroni correction, two-proportion Z tests, ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD, Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni-adjusted Dunn, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of orthodontic malocclusions increased significantly with age, being most common in the 10-12 and 13-15 age groups (p<0.001). All malocclusion types were significantly more prevalent among individuals with mesiodistal dimension loss, with class IV malocclusion observed exclusively in this group (p<0.001). Children with class II malocclusion had the highest mean number of missing teeth, which was significantly greater than those with no malocclusion (p<0.001). Similarly, the mean number of decayed teeth was significantly higher in class II and class III groups compared to those without malocclusion (p<0.001 and p=0.042, respectively). Oral hygiene and dietary habits were also significantly associated with malocclusion types. Lower tooth brushing frequency, lack of interdental cleaning, and higher consumption of acidic and sugary foods were more common among those with malocclusion (p<0.001). Additionally, poor oral hygiene and diet were strongly correlated with increased rates of caries (p<0.001) and missing teeth (p<0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic malocclusions increase progressively with age and are significantly associated with dental caries, tooth loss, inadequate oral hygiene, and unhealthy dietary habits. The implementation of multidisciplinary oral health strategies at an early age may be effective in reducing the incidence of both orthodontic anomalies and dental caries.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, çocuklar ve ergenlerde ortodontik maloklüzyonların görülme sıklığını belirlemek ve bu maloklüzyonlar ile meziodistal boyut kaybı, çürük ve eksik diş sayısı, ağız hijyeni alışkanlıkları ve beslenme davranışları arasındaki ilişkileri çok faktörlü bir yaklaşımla değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel çalışma, XXX Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’nde 4–15 yaş aralığında yer alan 1.092 çocuk üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar yaş gruplarına göre sınıflandırılmış, maloklüzyon tipi, eksik ve çürük diş sayısı, ağız hijyeni indeksleri (Gingival İndeks, Plak İndeksi, Basitleştirilmiş Ağız Hijyeni İndeksi), bireysel ağız hijyeni ve beslenme alışkanlıkları klinik muayenelerle değerlendirilmiştir. Kategorik değişkenler için Ki-kare testi; grup karşılaştırmaları için normal dağılıma bağlı olarak ANOVA veya Kruskal–Wallis testleri; ikili karşılaştırmalar için ise Mann–Whitney U testi ve İki Oran Z testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p < .05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Ortodontik maloklüzyonların prevalansı yaşla birlikte anlamlı düzeyde artmış, bu artış en fazla 10–12 ve 13–15 yaş gruplarında gözlemlenmiştir (p < .001). Tüm malokluzyon tipleri, meziodistal boyut kaybı yaşayan bireylerde anlamlı düzeyde daha sık görülmüş, özellikle Sınıf IV malokluzyon yalnızca bu grupta tespit edilmiştir (p < .001). Sınıf II malokluzyona sahip çocuklarda ortalama eksik diş sayısı en yüksek olup, bu değer malokluzyon bulunmayanlara kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede fazladır (p < .001). Benzer şekilde, çürük diş ortalaması Sınıf II ve Sınıf III malokluzyon gruplarında, malokluzyonu olmayanlara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (p < .001 ve p = .042, sırasıyla). Ağız hijyeni ve beslenme alışkanlıkları da malokluzyon tipleri ile anlamlı ilişki göstermektedir. Diş fırçalama sıklığının düşük olması, arayüz temizliğinin yapılmaması ve asidik-şekerli gıda tüketiminin fazla olması, malokluzyon bulunan bireylerde daha yaygın olarak tespit edilmiştir (p < .001). Ayrıca, yetersiz ağız hijyeni ve sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları, artan çürük oranları (p < .001) ve eksik diş varlığı ile (p < .05) güçlü bir şekilde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Ortodontik malokluzyonlar yaşla birlikte giderek artmakta olup, diş çürükleri, diş kaybı, yetersiz ağız hijyeni ve sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkilidir. Erken yaşlarda uygulanacak çok disiplinli ağız sağlığı stratejileri, hem ortodontik anomalilerin hem de diş çürüklerinin görülme sıklığını azaltmada etkili olabilir.

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Cite This Article

Akbulut, Y., Akgün, S. E. (2025). Prevalence and determinants of orthodontic malocclusions in children: a multifactorial analysis. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 8 Issue: 5. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1760149

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