Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 9 Issue: 1

End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye

Hipertansiyonda Hedef Organ Hasarı: Türkiye’den Klinik ve Halk Sağlığı Perspektifi

Sibel Ada(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İSTANBUL OKMEYDANI SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0001-5692-3531
Berrak Itır Aylı(Hacettepe Üniversitesi)0000-0002-0834-900X
Abdurrahman Biçer(Health Sciences University Van Education and Training Hospital)0000-0001-5166-1149
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-01-05
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Systematic, population-based blood pressure screening is urgently needed to interrupt this trajectory of invisible harm.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: Hypertension affects 1.3 billion adults globally yet remains substantially underdiagnosed.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 126 new hypertension patients presenting to a nephrology clinic in Turkiye between August-October 2025.
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Conclusion & Impact:Systematic, population-based blood pressure screening is urgently needed to interrupt this trajectory of invisible harm.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Hypertension · end-organ damage · disease screening

Abstract

Aims: Hypertension affects 1.3 billion adults globally yet remains substantially underdiagnosed. In Turkiye, national screening programs exist for several conditions, but universal hypertension screening is not implemented despite hypertension being more prevalent than diseases currently screened. Understanding presentation patterns is essential for informing screening policy. This study aimed to assess hypertension severity and end-organ damage at diagnosis and determine whether symptoms or routine clinical variables can identify patients with more severe blood pressure elevation. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 126 new hypertension patients presenting to a nephrology clinic in Turkiye between August-October 2025. Participants completed 7-day home blood pressure monitoring before treatment initiation. Sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters were collected. Hypertension severity was classified using 2023 ESC/ESH criteria. Associations between blood pressure and clinical variables were examined using correlation analyses and multiple regression models. Results: At diagnosis, mean systolic blood pressure was 159.75±15.74 mmHg and diastolic was 99.01±10.57 mmHg. Over two-thirds (64.3%) presented with grade 2-3 hypertension. Furthermore, 58 patients (46%) had retinopathy, whereas 10 had microalbuminuria and 11 had left ventricular hypertrophy and 69 (54.7%) presented with insulin resistance as calculated by HOMA-IR scores. Almost all patients (92.8%) reported symptoms, most commonly headache (88.1%) and tinnitus (46.8%), yet symptom burden showed no correlation with blood pressure levels (p>0.05). Several biochemical markers showed weak univariable correlations with blood pressure, but none remained significant in multivariable models. Mean BMI was 31.37±6.10 kg/m², with laboratory findings suggesting increased cardiometabolic risk. Conclusion: Relatively young adults are being diagnosed with hypertension only after years of silent damage, presenting with moderate-to-severe disease and coexisting cardiometabolic abnormalities in addition to potential signs of end-organ damage; mainly retinopathy. Symptoms cannot guide detection, and clinical variables cannot identify high-risk individuals. This late diagnosis perpetuates preventable cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, end-organ damage and escalating healthcare costs. Systematic, population-based blood pressure screening is urgently needed to interrupt this trajectory of invisible harm.

Özet

Amaç: Hipertansiyon dünya genelinde 1,3 milyar yetişkini etkilemesine rağmen tanısı önemli ölçüde geciken bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Türkiye’de çeşitli hastalıklar için ulusal tarama programları bulunmasına karşın, hipertansiyon için merkezi bir tarama sistemi bulunmamaktadır. Tanı anındaki klinik özelliklerin anlaşılması, ulusal tarama politikalarının şekillendirilmesi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, hipertansiyonun tanı anındaki şiddetini ve hedef organ hasarı varlığını değerlendirmeyi ve semptomların veya rutin klinik değişkenlerin daha ciddi kan basıncı yüksekliğini öngörüp öngöremeyeceğini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Ağustos ve Ekim 2025 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de bir nefroloji polikliniğine başvuran 126 yeni hipertansiyon hastasını incelemiştir. Katılımcılar, tedavi başlamadan önce 7 günlük evde kan basıncı ölçümleri yapmıştır. Sosyodemografik özellikler, semptomlar, komorbiditeler, antropometrik ölçümler ve laboratuvar parametreleri kaydedilmiştir. Hipertansiyon şiddeti 2023 ESC/ESH kriterlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Kan basıncı ile klinik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizleri ve çok değişkenli regresyon modelleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Tanı anında ortalama sistolik kan basıncı 159.75±15.74 mmHg, diyastolik ise 99.01±10.57 mmHg idi. Hastaların üçte ikisi(%64.3) Evre 2–3 hipertansiyon hastasıydı. Ayrıca 58 hastada (%46) retinopati, 10 hastada mikroalbüminüri, 11 hastada sol ventrikül hipertrofisi saptanmış; 69 hastada (%54.7) HOMA-IR skorlarına göre insülin direnci tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların neredeyse tamamı (%92.8) semptom bildirmiş olup en yaygınları baş ağrısı (%88.1) ve kulak çınlamasıydı (%46.8); ancak semptom yükü ile kan basıncı düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p>0.05). Bazı biyokimyasal belirteçler kan basıncı ile zayıf düzeyde ilişkiler göstermiş olsada, çok değişkenli modellerde bu ilişkiler anlamlılığını kaybetmiştir. Ortalama BKİ 31.37±6.10 kg/m² olup laboratuvar bulguları artmış kardiyometabolik risk ile uyumludur. Sonuç: Görece genç yetişkinler, yıllar süren sessiz hedef organ hasarı gelişiminin ardından hipertansiyon tanısı almakta; orta–ciddi düzeyde kan basıncı yüksekliği, kardiyometabolik bozukluklar ve özellikle retinopati olmak üzere çeşitli hedef organ hasarı belirtileri göstermektedirler. Bu gecikmiş tanı, önlenebilir kardiyovasküler morbiditeyi, mortaliteyi, hedef organ hasarını ve sağlık sistemi maliyetlerini artırmaktadır. Görünmez zarar sürecini kırmak için sistematik, toplum temelli kan basıncı taraması acil bir gerekliliktir.

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Cite This Article

Ada, S., Aylı, B. I., Biçer, A. (2026). End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 9 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1824199

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