Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study

Acil servise başvuran travma hastalarında hastane içi mortaliteyi tahmin etmede laktat-albümin oranı, şok indeksi ve yaralanma şiddeti skorunun karşılaştırılması: retrospektif bir çalışma

Ahmet Önder Acar(Bahçelievler State Hospital)0009-0007-3496-7788
Hakan Aydın(University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine ,)0000-0003-3195-1805
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-01-05
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The SI and LAR may provide valuable early information through rapid bedside assessment, supporting a stepwise approach in trauma management within the ED.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: Rapid and accurate risk stratification is vital in trauma care.
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Key Findings & Data:This study compared the prognostic performance of the lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR), the Shock Index (SI), and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in predicting in-hospital mortality among adult trauma patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).
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Conclusion & Impact:The SI and LAR may provide valuable early information through rapid bedside assessment, supporting a stepwise approach in trauma management within the ED.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Trauma · lactate-to-albumin ratio · shock index

Abstract

Aims: Rapid and accurate risk stratification is vital in trauma care. This study compared the prognostic performance of the lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR), the Shock Index (SI), and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in predicting in-hospital mortality among adult trauma patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort of consecutive adult (≥18 years) trauma presentations to a tertiary ED (January 2022–January 2025). Cases with missing core variables were excluded. Discrimination for ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality was quantified by area under the ROC curve (AUC) with 95% CIs and compared pairwise using DeLong tests. Youden-optimized thresholds were summarized with positive/negative likelihood ratios, predictive values, and Youden’s J. In-hospital mortality associations were examined using univariable and prespecified multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 4.942 patients were included, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 3.1%. The ISS consistently performed better than the SI and the LAR. For intensive care unit (ICU) admission, the AUCs were 0.943 for ISS, 0.829 for SI, and 0.801 for LAR. For the need for mechanical ventilation, the AUCs were 0.938 for ISS, 0.813 for SI, and 0.788 for LAR. For in-hospital mortality, the AUCs were 0.851 for ISS, 0.763 for LAR, and 0.757 for SI. DeLong tests showed that ISS was significantly superior to both SI and LAR in predicting in-hospital mortality (p<0.001). LAR and SI performed similarly (p=0.824). Conclusion: The ISS was the strongest predictor of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality. The SI and LAR may provide valuable early information through rapid bedside assessment, supporting a stepwise approach in trauma management within the ED.

Özet

Amaç: Travma bakımında hızlı ve doğru risk sınıflandırması hayati önem taşır. Bu çalışma, acil servise başvuran erişkin travma hastalarında laktat-albümin oranı (LAR), Şok İndeksi (SI) ve Yaralanma Şiddeti Skoru’nun (ISS) hastane içi mortaliteyi öngörmedeki prognostik performansını karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler: Bu tek merkezli retrospektif kohort çalışmaya, üçüncü basamak bir acil servise Ocak 2022–Ocak 2025 tarihleri arasında başvuran ardışık erişkin (≥18 yaş) travma olguları dâhil edilmiştir. Temel değişkenleri eksik olan olgular çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Yoğun bakım yatışı, invaziv mekanik ventilasyon ve hastane içi mortalite için ayırım gücü, ROC eğrisi altında kalan alan (AUC) ve %95 güven aralıkları ile hesaplanmış; ikili karşılaştırmalar DeLong testi ile yapılmıştır. Youden indeksine göre belirlenen eşik değerler, pozitif/negatif olasılık oranları, kestirim değerleri ve Youden’in J istatistiğiyle özetlenmiştir. Hastane içi mortalite ile ilişkiler tek değişkenli ve önceden belirlenmiş çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 4.942 hasta dâhil edilmiştir ve hastane içi mortalite oranı %3,1’dir. ISS, SI ve LAR’dan sürekli olarak daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Yoğun bakım yatışı için AUC değerleri ISS için 0,943, SI için 0,829 ve LAR için 0,801’dir. Mekanik ventilasyon gereksinimi için bu değerler sırasıyla 0,938, 0,813 ve 0,788’dir. Hastane içi mortalite için AUC değerleri ISS için 0,851, LAR için 0,763 ve SI için 0,757’dir. DeLong testleri, ISS’nin hem SI hem de LAR’a göre hastane içi mortaliteyi öngörmede anlamlı şekilde üstün olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,001). LAR ve SI arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p=0,824). Sonuç: ISS, yoğun bakım yatışı, mekanik ventilasyon ve hastane içi mortalitenin en güçlü öngörücüsüdür. SI ve LAR, hızlı yatak başı değerlendirmelerle erken dönemde değerli bilgiler sağlayabilir ve acil servis travma yönetiminde kademeli bir yaklaşımı destekleyebilir.

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Cite This Article

Acar, A. Ö., Aydın, H. (2026). Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 9 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1799259

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