Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Drug hypersensitivity reactions in adults: clinical patterns and drug profile

Yetişkinlerde ilaç hipersensivite reaksiyonları: klinik bulgular ve ilaç profili

Tuğba Önalan(Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital)0000-0003-2427-5925
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Publication Date
2026-03-12
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Regional data may contribute to developing more standardized diagnostic and management approaches for DHRs.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are immunologically mediated adverse drug reactions increasingly reported in recent years.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: This retrospective study included 138 patients who presented with suspected DHRs between 1 April and 30 October 2025 and had complete demographic and clinical data.
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Conclusion & Impact:Regional data may contribute to developing more standardized diagnostic and management approaches for DHRs.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Anaphylaxis · drug allergy · drug hypersensitivity

Abstract

Aims: Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are immunologically mediated adverse drug reactions increasingly reported in recent years. This study aimed to assess the demographic characteristics and self-reported clinical features of adults presenting with suspected DHRs to two tertiary centers in Konya, Türkiye, and to examine the distribution of reactions attributed to β-lactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Methods: This retrospective study included 138 patients who presented with suspected DHRs between 1 April and 30 October 2025 and had complete demographic and clinical data. Only reactions compatible with immunological mechanisms and occurring within the first 6 hours after drug intake were evaluated. Demographic variables, culprit drugs, reaction timing and type, and coexisting allergic diseases were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: The median age was 40 years, and 73.9% were female. Cutaneous manifestations were the predominant presentation (89.1%), and 65.9% of reactions occurred within the first hour. β-lactams (43.5%) and NSAIDs (40.6%) were the main implicated drugs. The anaphylaxis rate was 19.6%, and 69.6% required hospitalization. Reactions within the first hour were associated with higher rates of anaphylaxis (28.6% vs. 2.1%; p<0.001), loss of consciousness (19.8% vs. 6.4%; p=0.038), and hospitalization (75.8% vs. 57.4%; p=0.026) than reactions at 1–6 hours. Anaphylaxis was more frequent in β-lactam reactions than NSAIDs (30.5% vs. 12.5%; p=0.006). NSAID reactions appeared at 1–6 hours, while β-lactam ones were largely within the first hour (p<0.001). Younger patients (<45 years) more frequently exhibited itching, urticaria, and abdominal pain (p=0.042; 0.042; 0.014, respectively). Conclusion: β-lactam antibiotics and NSAIDs are the leading causes of reported DHRs in adults. β-lactams are particularly associated with early-onset reactions and anaphylaxis. Detailed assessment of clinical features is essential when evaluating drug allergy based on patient history. Regional data may contribute to developing more standardized diagnostic and management approaches for DHRs.

Özet

ÖZET Giriş ve Amaç İlaç hipersensitivite reaksiyonları (İHR), immünolojik mekanizmalarla ortaya çıkan ve son yıllarda giderek daha sık bildirilen advers ilaç reaksiyonlarıdır. Bu çalışma, Konya’daki iki üçüncü basamak merkezine başvuran yetişkin hastalarda şüpheli İHR’ lerin demografik özelliklerini ve hastaların kendileri tarafından bildirilen klinik bulgularını değerlendirmeyi amaçladı. Ayrıca, özellikle β-laktam antibiyotikler ile non-steroid anti-inflamatuar ilaçlara (NSAİİ) bağlı reaksiyonların dağılımını incelendi. Yöntem Bu retrospektif çalışmaya, 1 Nisan–30 Ekim 2025 tarihleri arasında şüpheli İHR ile başvuran ve tam demografik ve klinik verileri mevcut olan 138 hasta dahil edildi. Sadece immünolojik mekanizmalarla uyumlu olan ve ilacın alınmasını takiben ilk 6 saat içinde ortaya çıkan reaksiyonlar değerlendirildi. Demografik değişkenler, şüpheli ilaçlar, reaksiyon zamanı ve tipi ile eşlik eden alerjik hastalıklar elektronik tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edildi. Bulgular Medyan yaş 40 yıl olup hastaların %73,9’u kadındı. Klinik olarak en sık bulgu kutanöz belirtilerdi (%89,1) ve reaksiyonların %65,9’u ilk saat içinde gelişti. En sık suçlanan ilaç grupları βeta-laktam (%43,5) ve NSAİİ’ler (%40,6) idi. Anafilaksi oranı %19,6, hastaneye yatış oranı ise %69,6 olarak bulundu. İlk saat içinde gelişen reaksiyonlar, 1–6 saat içinde gelişenlere göre daha yüksek anafilaksi (%28,6 ile %2,1; p<0,001), bilinç kaybı (%19,8 ile %6,4; p=0,038) ve hastaneye yatış (%75,8 ile %57,4; p=0,026) oranları ile ilişkilendirildi. Anafilaksi, βeta-laktamlara bağlı reaksiyonlarda NSAİİ’lere kıyasla daha sık gözlendi (%30,5 ile %12,5; p=0,006). NSAİİ reaksiyonları çoğunlukla 1–6 saat içinde ortaya çıkarken, βeta-laktam reaksiyonlarının büyük kısmı ilk saat içinde gelişti (p<0,001). Daha genç hastalar (<45 yaş) kaşıntı, ilaçla ilişkili ürtiker ve abdominal ağrıyı daha sık bildirdi (sırasıyla p=0,042; 0,042; 0,014). Sonuç Yetişkinlerde bildirilen İHR’ larının başlıca nedenleri βeta-laktam antibiyotikler ve NSAİİ’lerdir. Özellikle βeta-laktamlar, erken başlangıçlı reaksiyonlar ve anafilaksi ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkilidir. İlaç alerjisi değerlendirmesinde hastanın anamnezine dayalı olarak klinik bulguların ayrıntılı incelenmesi esastır. Bölgesel veriler, İHR’lerin tanı ve yönetiminde daha standart yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

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Cite This Article

Akkuş, F. A., Önalan, T. (2026). Drug hypersensitivity reactions in adults: clinical patterns and drug profile. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 9 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1842398

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