Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 9 Issue: 5

The relationship between industry 4.0 awareness and Artificial Intelligence anxiety in nursing and health sciences students: a cross-sectional study

Özlem Tekir(İZMİR DEMOKRASİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-5932-178X
Gözde Özsezer(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing)0000-0003-4352-1124
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-09-19
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In the multiple regression model with I4.0-CAS as the dependent variable, the overall model was not statistically significant and explained little variance [F (4.545)=2.350, p=0.053; adjusted R2=0.010].

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: To examine the association between industry 4.0 (I4.0) awareness and Artificial Intelligence (AI) anxiety among nursing and health sciences students.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study used an online survey of 550 students enrolled in a faculty of health sciences (response rate: 48.5%).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In the multiple regression model with I4.0-CAS as the dependent variable, the overall model was not statistically significant and explained little variance [F (4.545)=2.350, p=0.053; adjusted R2=0.010].
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Industry 4.0 · awareness · health sciences students

Abstract

Aims: To examine the association between industry 4.0 (I4.0) awareness and Artificial Intelligence (AI) anxiety among nursing and health sciences students. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study used an online survey of 550 students enrolled in a faculty of health sciences (response rate: 48.5%). Data were collected using a personal information form, the I4.0 Conceptual Awareness Scale (I4.0-CAS), and the AI Anxiety Scale (AIAS). Results: The mean I4.0-CAS score was 122.52 +/- 35.81 (range: 30-195), and the mean AIAS score was 82.54 +/- 25.95 (range: 21-147). The association between I4.0-CAS and AIAS total scores was positive but very small (r=0.114, p=0.007). Among the AIAS subdimensions, only learning anxiety was significantly associated with I4.0-CAS scores (r=0.122, p=0.004). In the multiple regression model with I4.0-CAS as the dependent variable, the overall model was not statistically significant and explained little variance [F (4.545)=2.350, p=0.053; adjusted R2=0.010]. Learning anxiety had a small positive coefficient (standardized beta=0.118, p=0.023); the other subdimensions were not significant. Conclusion: I4.0 awareness and AI anxiety were both moderate, but their statistical association was very small. The cross-sectional findings do not establish direction or causality. Nursing and health sciences curricula should address AI literacy, ethical use, and anxiety together, with educational interventions evaluated prospectively.

🔖

Cite This Article

Tekir, Ö., Özsezer, G. (2026). The relationship between industry 4.0 awareness and Artificial Intelligence anxiety in nursing and health sciences students: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 9 Issue: 5. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1914772

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (21)

  1. Kagermann H, Wahlster W, Helbig J. Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0: Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry: Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Acatech-National Academy of Science and Engineering; 2013.
  2. Aceto G, Persico V, Pescapé A. Industry 4.0 and health: Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing for healthcare 4.0. J Ind Inf Integr. 2020;18:100129. doi:10.1016/j.jii.2020.100129
  3. Pang Z, Yang G, Khedri R, Zhang YT. Introduction to the special section: convergence of automation technology, biomedical engineering, and health informatics toward the Healthcare 4.0. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2018;11:249-259. doi:10.1109/RBME.2018.2848518
  4. Buchanan C, Howitt ML, Wilson R, Booth RG, Risling T, Bamford M. Predicted influences of Artificial Intelligence on the domains of nursing: scoping review. JMIR Nurs. 2020;3(1):e23939. doi:10.2196/23939
  5. Kwak Y, Ahn JW, Seo YH. Influence of AI ethics awareness, attitude, anxiety, and self-efficacy on nursing students’ behavioral intentions. BMC Nurs. 2022;21(1):267. doi:10.1186/s12912-022-01048-0
  6. Labrague LJ, Aguilar-Rosales R, Yboa BC, Sabio JB. Factors influencing student nurses’ readiness to adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their studies and their perceived barriers to accessing AI technology: a cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today. 2023;130:105945. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105945
  7. Demir-Kaymak Z, Turan Z, Unlu-Bidik N, Unkazan S. Effects of midwifery and nursing students’ readiness about medical Artificial Intelligence on Artificial Intelligence anxiety. Nurse Educ Pract. 2024;78:103994. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103994
  8. Migdadi MK, Oweidat IA, Alosta MR, Al-Mugheed K, Saeed Alabdullah AA, Farghaly Abdelaliem SM. The association of Artificial Intelligence ethical awareness, attitudes, anxiety, and intention-to-use Artificial Intelligence technology among nursing students. Digit Health. 2024;10:20552076241301958. doi:10.1177/20552076241301958
  9. Varol B. Artificial Intelligence anxiety in nursing students: the impact of self-efficacy. Comput Inform Nurs. 2025;43(6):e01250. doi:10.1097/CIN.0000000000001250
  10. LaGore A, Colby L, Sinsabaugh K, Grobbel C, Piscotty R. The effect of AI education on nursing student AI literacy and anxiety. J Nurs Educ. 2025;64(9):587-590. doi:10.3928/01484834-20250415-04
  11. El Arab RA, Alshakihs AH, Alabdulwahab SH, et al. Artificial Intelligence in nursing: a systematic review of attitudes, literacy, readiness, and adoption intentions among nursing students and practicing nurses. Front Digit Health. 2025;7:1666005. doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1666005
  12. AL-Olaimat K, Salameh B, Abdulhalim Alqadi R, et al. Readiness and acceptance of nursing students regarding AI-based health care technology on the training of nursing skills in Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study. JMIR Nurs. 2025;8:e71653. doi:10.2196/71653
  13. Li J, Huang JS. Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence anxiety based on the integrated fear acquisition theory. Technol Soc. 2020;63:101410. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101410
  14. Lemay DJ, Basnet RB, Doleck T. Fearing the robot apocalypse: correlates of AI anxiety. Int J Learn Anal Artif Intell Educ. 2020;2(2):24-33. doi:10.3991/ijai.v2i2.16759
  15. Wang YY, Wang YS. Development and validation of an Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale: an initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior. Interact Learn Environ. 2022;30(4):619-634. doi:10.1080/10494820.2019.1674887
  16. Terzi R. An adaptation of Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale into Turkish: reliability and validity study. Int Online J Educ Teach. 2020;7(4): 1501-1515.
  17. Doğan O, Baloğlu N. Endüstri 4.0 Kavramsal Farkındalık Ölçeği. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniv Sos Ekon Araştır Derg. 2020;22(38):58-81.
  18. Filiz E, Güzel Ş, Şengül A. Sağlık profesyonellerinin yapay zeka kaygı durumlarının incelenmesi. J Acad Value Stud. 2022;8(1):47-55. doi:10. 29228/javs.57808
  19. Başer A, Baktır Altuntaş S, Kolcu G, Özceylan G. Artificial Intelligence anxiety of family physicians in Turkey. Prog Nutr. 2021;23(suppl 2): e2021275. doi:10.23751/pn.v23iS2.12003
  20. Othman WN, Zanaty MM, Elghareeb SM. Nurses’ anxiety level toward partnering with Artificial Intelligence in providing nursing care: pre- and post-training session. Egypt J Health Care. 2021;12(4):1386-1396. doi:10.21608/ejhc.2021.209023
  21. Ünal AS, Avcı A. Evaluation of neonatal nurses’ anxiety and readiness levels towards the use of Artificial Intelligence. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;79: e16-e23. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2024.09.012