Journals / Journal of Computational Design / 2026 / Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Multi-Directional Passenger Distribution and Pedestrian Simulation Within Heritage Transit Hubs: A Case Study of The Historical Marmaray Sirkeci Station

Tarihi Toplu Taşıma Merkezlerinde Çok Yönlü Yolcu Dağılımı ve Yaya Simülasyonu: Marmaray Sirkeci İstasyonu Örneği

Berna Çalışkan(İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9625-3237
Pages
266–295
Publication Date
2026-09-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Consequently, the model outputs produced in this study allow for the proposal of feasible, long-term operational circulation arrangements, optimized ticketing layouts, and adaptable flow management strategies designed to maximize passenger comfort, reduce queue formation, and improve emergency evacuation safety while preserving the historical architectural integrity of the station for transportation infrastructure design and renovation phases.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Modern urban rail transport infrastructure projects are designed with the help of architectural designs that integrate different modes of transport and regulate multi-directional passenger flows, transfers, and passenger platform guidance mechanisms, etc.
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Key Findings & Data:Quality, comfort, and performance-oriented transportation infrastructure designs significantly complicate the empirical study of crowd distribution models; this challenge is even more pronounced in structures where historical heritage must be preserved.
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Conclusion & Impact:Consequently, the model outputs produced in this study allow for the proposal of feasible, long-term operational circulation arrangements, optimized ticketing layouts, and adaptable flow management strategies designed to maximize passenger comfort, reduce queue formation, and improve emergency evacuation safety while preserving the historical architectural integrity of the station for transportation infrastructure design and renovation phases.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ajan tabanlı modelleme · Hücresel otomata · Raylı sistem istasyonları

Abstract

Modern urban rail transport infrastructure projects are designed with the help of architectural designs that integrate different modes of transport and regulate multi-directional passenger flows, transfers, and passenger platform guidance mechanisms, etc. Railway system station areas have become increasingly complex spaces with diversified functionalities due to increasing passenger volumes. Quality, comfort, and performance-oriented transportation infrastructure designs significantly complicate the empirical study of crowd distribution models; this challenge is even more pronounced in structures where historical heritage must be preserved. Marmaray Sirkeci Railway Station area hosts a heterogeneous pedestrian profile due to its museums, waiting areas, tourist attractions, and its role as an integration point with high-density passenger circulation enabling intercontinental transit. To analyze these complex pedestrian dynamics, an object-oriented, agent-based cellular automata pedestrian simulation engine was developed in Python to investigate different travel behaviors. Pedestrian behavior patterns such as walking, waiting, queuing, and accumulating are spatially encoded in a layout plan using a 40 x 25 matrix structure, where each cell represents a spatial constraint. Multi-agent physical interactions, pedestrian accumulation changes, and spatial boundaries were modeled using the Manhattan Distance Function combined with directional floor areas and collision avoidance algorithms. Key findings from the simulation outputs, spatial density heat maps were used to evaluate critical operational transitions at ticket offices, main hall passages, and Marmaray entrance corridors. Consequently, the model outputs produced in this study allow for the proposal of feasible, long-term operational circulation arrangements, optimized ticketing layouts, and adaptable flow management strategies designed to maximize passenger comfort, reduce queue formation, and improve emergency evacuation safety while preserving the historical architectural integrity of the station for transportation infrastructure design and renovation phases.

Özet

Modern kentsel raylı ulaşım altyapı projeleri, farklı ulaşım modlarını entegre eden ve çok yönlü yolcu akışlarını, aktarmaları ve yolcu platformu yönlendirme mekanizmalarını düzenleyen mimari tasarımlar yardımıyla tasarlanmaktadır. Artan yolcu hacimleri nedeniyle demiryolu sistemi istasyon alanları, çeşitlendirilmiş işlevselliklere sahip giderek daha karmaşık mekanlar haline gelmiştir. Kalite, konfor ve performans odaklı ulaşım altyapı tasarımları, kalabalık dağılım modellerinin ampirik çalışmasını önemli ölçüde zorlaştırmaktadır; bu zorluk, tarihi mirasın korunması gereken yapılarda daha da belirgindir. Marmaray Sirkeci Tren İstasyonu alanı, müzeleri, bekleme alanları, turistik mekanları ve kıtalararası geçişi mümkün kılan yüksek yoğunluklu yolcu dolaşımıyla entegrasyon noktası rolü nedeniyle heterojen bir yaya profiline ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu karmaşık yaya dinamiklerini analiz etmek için, farklı seyahat davranışlarını incelemek üzere Python'da nesne yönelimli, ajan tabanlı hücresel otomat yaya simülasyon motoru geliştirilmiştir. Yürüme, bekleme, kuyruk oluşturma ve birikme gibi yaya davranış kalıpları, her hücrenin bir mekansal kısıtlamayı temsil ettiği 40 x 25 matris yapısı kullanılarak bir yerleşim planında mekansal olarak kodlanmıştır. Çoklu ajan fiziksel etkileşimleri, yaya birikim değişiklikleri ve mekansal sınırlar, yönlü zemin alanları ve çarpışma önleme algoritmalarıyla birleştirilmiş Manhattan Mesafe Fonksiyonu kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Simülasyon çıktılarından elde edilen temel bulgular, bilet gişelerinde, ana salon geçitlerinde ve Marmaray giriş koridorlarında kritik operasyonel geçişleri değerlendirmek için mekansal yoğunluk ısı haritaları kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada üretilen model çıktıları, ulaşım altyapısı tasarım ve yenileme aşamalarında istasyonun tarihi mimari bütünlüğünü korurken yolcu konforunu en üst düzeye çıkarmak, kuyruk oluşumunu azaltmak ve acil durum tahliye güvenliğini iyileştirmek için tasarlanmış uygulanabilir, uzun vadeli operasyonel dolaşım düzenlemeleri, optimize edilmiş biletleme düzenleri ve uyarlanabilir akış yönetimi stratejilerinin önerilmesine olanak tanır.

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Cite This Article

Çalışkan, B. (2026). Multi-Directional Passenger Distribution and Pedestrian Simulation Within Heritage Transit Hubs: A Case Study of The Historical Marmaray Sirkeci Station. Journal of Computational Design, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 266–295. https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1969408

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