Journals / Eurasian Research Journal / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 3

UZBEKISTAN’S REGIONAL TURN: COMPARING KARIMOV AND MIRZIYOYEV’S APPROACHES TO CENTRAL ASIA

Artur Utebayev(Maqsut Narikbayev University)0009-0009-4647-0490
Kuanysh Orinbay(Maqsut Narikbayev University)0009-0009-5239-0067
Nargiz Mukhamedkaziy(Nazarbayev University)
Adelya Bagdat(Maqsut Narikbayev University)0009-0001-7004-9040
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-07-29
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Whereas Karimov prioritized sovereignty over engagement with multilateral structures, Mirziyoyev emphasized multilateral cooperation while simultaneously addressing domestic challenges.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The late 2010s signaled a decisive shift in Uzbekistan’s political trajectory, as the country adopted a new approach to Central Asian regionalism.
📊
Key Findings & Data:While there are notable similarities in their rhetoric, especially regarding Central Asia’s shared identity and Uzbekistan’s role in regional integration, the findings highlight significant differences in practice.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Whereas Karimov prioritized sovereignty over engagement with multilateral structures, Mirziyoyev emphasized multilateral cooperation while simultaneously addressing domestic challenges.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Regionalism · Central Asia · Identity

Abstract

The late 2010s signaled a decisive shift in Uzbekistan’s political trajectory, as the country adopted a new approach to Central Asian regionalism. This study compares the Karimov and Mirziyoyev presidencies to show how changes in foreign policy discourse encapsulates broader transformations in governance, identity, and national priorities. Particular attention is given to their contrasting leadership styles and approaches to regional integration. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this study traces key narratives in the foreign policy discourse of both leaders. While there are notable similarities in their rhetoric, especially regarding Central Asia’s shared identity and Uzbekistan’s role in regional integration, the findings highlight significant differences in practice. Whereas Karimov prioritized sovereignty over engagement with multilateral structures, Mirziyoyev emphasized multilateral cooperation while simultaneously addressing domestic challenges.

🔖

Cite This Article

Utebayev, A., Orinbay, K., Mukhamedkaziy, N., Bagdat, A. (2026). UZBEKISTAN’S REGIONAL TURN: COMPARING KARIMOV AND MIRZIYOYEV’S APPROACHES TO CENTRAL ASIA. Eurasian Research Journal, Volume: 8 Issue: 3. https://ajindex.com/articles/1483090

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (59)

  1. Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. *NursingPlus Open, 2*, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001
  2. Buranelli, F. C. (2021). Central Asian regionalism or Central Asian order? Some reflections. *Central Asian Affairs, 8*(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.30965/22142290-bja10015
  3. Dadabaev, T. (2018). Uzbekistan as Central Asian game changer? Uzbekistan’s foreign policy construction in the post-Karimov era. *Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 4*(2), 162–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891118775289
  4. Dadabaev, T., Sehring, J., & Djalilova, N. (2023). Central Asian water neighbourhood: A constructivist reconceptualisation of hydropolitics in Central Asia. *Water Alternatives, 16*(3), 930–948. https://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol16/v16issue3/719-a16-3-3/file
  5. Dadabaev, T., & Umarov, A. (2025). A constructivist framework for the Central Asian regional security complex: Identity, interests, and security dynamics. *International Affairs, 101*(4), 1237–1258. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaf070
  6. Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2022, November 22). *Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the Second International Forum for Northern Economic Cooperation*. https://www.uzembassy.kz/en/article/president-shavkat-mirziyoyevs-speech-to-the-second-international-forum-for-northern-economic-cooperation
  7. Fayaz, S., & Khan, N. (2021). Comparative analysis of US presidents’ Barack Obama and Donald Trump foreign policies. *Global Social Sciences Review, 6*(1), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).29
  8. Fazendeiro, B. T. (2017). Uzbekistan’s defensive self-reliance: Karimov’s foreign policy legacy. *International Affairs, 93*(2), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiw062
  9. Halperin, S., & Heath, O. (2020). *Political research: Methods and practical skills* (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  10. Hansen, L. (2006). *Security as practice: Discourse analysis and the Bosnian war*. Routledge.
  11. Hopf, T. (1998). The promise of constructivism in international relations theory. *International Security, 23*(1), 171–200. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539267
  12. Jalalian Daghigh, A., & Abdul Rahim, H. (2020). Representation of Muslim minorities in politicians’ discourse: Jacinda Ardern vs. Donald Trump. *Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 40*(2), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2020.1773099
  13. Karimov, I. A. (1995, October 24). *Speech at the 50th session of the UN General Assembly* [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz2pgD5hakI
  14. Karimov, I. A. (1996). *Put’ k nezavisimosti: Problemy i plany* [The path to independence: Problems and plans]. Uzbekistan Publishing House. https://islomkarimov.uz/ru/page/ish
  15. Karimov, I. A. (1998). *Po puti bezopasnosti i stabil’nogo razvitiia* [On the path of security and stable development] (Vol. 6). Uzbekistan. https://islomkarimov.uz/ru/page/ish
  16. Karimov, I. A. (2002, November 22). *Address by H.E. Islam Karimov, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, at the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council*. NATO. https://www.nato.int/docu/speech/2002/s021122a.htm
  17. Karimov, I. A. (2005). Nikto ne smožet svernut’ nas s izbrannogo puti [No one can derail us from our chosen path]. In *Uzbekskiĭ narod nikogda i ni ot kogo ne budet zaviset’* [The Uzbek people will never depend on anyone] (Vol. 13, p. 158). Uzbekistan Publishing House. https://islomkarimov.uz/ru/page/ish
  18. Karimov, I. A. (2005). Po puti bezopasnosti i stabil’nosti v regione [Toward security and stability in the region]. In *Uzbekskiĭ narod nikogda i ni ot kogo ne budet zaviset’* [The Uzbek people will never depend on anyone] (Vol. 13, p. 256). Uzbekistan Publishing House. https://islomkarimov.uz/ru/page/ish
  19. Karimov, I. A. (2013, April 19). *President Islam Karimov’s speech at the International Conference in Tashkent*. UzDaily. https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/president-islam-karimovs-speech-at-the-international-conference-in-tashkent/
  20. Karimov, I. A. (2014, August 25). *President Islam Karimov addresses the international conference in Samarkand*. Uzbekistan National News Agency (UZA). https://uza.uz/en/posts/president-of-the-republic-of-uzbekistan-islam-karimov-delivered-a-keynote-speech-at-the-opening-ceremony-of-the-international-conference-the-historical-legacy-of-scientists-and-thinkers-of-the-medieval-east-its-role-and-significance-for-the-modern-civiliz
  21. Karimov, I. A. (2014, October 14). *Speech by President Islam Karimov at the session of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Council of the Heads of State*. UzDaily. https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/speech-by-president-islam-karimov-at-the-session-of-commonwealth-of-independent-states-cis-council-of-the-heads-of-state/
  22. Karimov, I. A. (2015, January 10). *Islam Karimov’s speech at the inauguration ceremony of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the joint meeting of Chambers of the Oliy Majlis*. Embassy of Uzbekistan in India. https://www.uzbekembassy.in/islam-karimovs-speech-at-the-inauguration-ceremony-of-the-president-of-the-republic-of-uzbekistan-at-the-joint-meeting-of-chambers-of-the-oliy-majlis/
  23. Karimov, I. A. (2015, January 23). *Text of President Islam Karimov’s speech at the joint session of the Legislative Chamber and Senate of Uzbekistan’s Oliy Majlis*. Uzbekistan National News Agency (UZA). https://uza.uz/en/posts/text-of-president-islam-karimov-s-speech-at-the-joint-sessio-25-01-2015
  24. Karimov, I. A. (2015, May 8). *Remarks to Almazbek Atambayev during the informal CIS summit in the Kremlin* [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/fq_hhhvrj6Q
  25. Karimov, I. A. (2015, July 10). *President Islam Karimov’s speech at the SCO Summit*. Embassy of Uzbekistan in India. https://www.uzbekembassy.in/president-islam-karimovs-speech-at-the-sco-summit/
  26. Kazhenova, A. (2024). Leaders matter: The regional integration in Central Asia. *Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, 16*(2), 489–517. https://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.v16.n2.2024.7
  27. Kobilov, F. (2023, November 3). *Uzbekistan’s regional economic foreign policy: Embracing regionalism and economic unity in Central Asia*. CABAR.asia. https://cabar.asia/en/uzbekistan-s-regional-economic-foreign-policy?pdf=61906
  28. Kobilov, F. (2025). From geopolitical pendulum to regional player: Uzbekistan’s regional foreign policy following the leadership change in 2016. *Central Asian Survey*, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2025.2482186
  29. Krapohl, S., & Vasileva-Dienes, A. (2019). The region that isn’t: China, Russia and the failure of regional integration in Central Asia. *Asia Europe Journal, 18*(3), 347–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-019-00548-0
  30. Kushkumbaev, S. K. (2022). *Kazakhstan i Tsentral’naya Aziya mezhdu vyzovami iz proshlogo i gryadushchego* [Kazakhstan and Central Asia between the challenges of the past and the future]. Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies Under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. https://kisi.kz/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/sbornik_s_kushkumbayev.pdf
  31. Mirziyoyev, S. (2017, September 19). *Address by H.E. Mr. Shavkat Mirziyoyev, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the UNGA-72*. Permanent Mission of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the United Nations. https://www.un.int/uzbekistan/statements_speeches/address-he-mr-shavkat-mirziyoyev-president-republic-uzbekistan-unga-72
  32. Mirziyoyev, S. (2018, March 27). *Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the international conference on Afghanistan: Peace process, security cooperation and regional connectivity*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/1601
  33. Mirziyoyev, S. (2020, November 10). *President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s speech at the SCO videoconference summit*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/3936
  34. Mirziyoyev, S. (2020, November 4). *Speech by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the opening ceremony of the third China International Import Expo 2020*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/3932
  35. Mirziyoyev, S. (2020, September 23). *Speech by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/3851
  36. Mirziyoyev, S. (2021, March 4). *Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 14th Videoconferencing Summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/4208
  37. Mirziyoyev, S. (2021, September 17). *Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the Meeting of the Council of Heads of States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/4622
  38. Mirziyoyev, S. (2021, September 18). *Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at a SCO-CSTO Format Meeting (Afghanistan)*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/4623
  39. Mirziyoyev, S. (2021, November 28). *Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 15th Summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/6846
  40. Mirziyoyev, S. (2021, August 6). *Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the Third Consultative Meeting of the Heads of States of Central Asia*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/4530
  41. Mirziyoyev, S. (2021, September 21). *Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/6677
  42. Mirziyoyev, S. (2024, August 9). *Vystuplenie Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistan Shavkata Mirziyoyeva na Konsultativnoy vstreche glav gosudarstv Tsentralnoy Azii* [Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the Consultative Meeting of Heads of States of Central Asia]. https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/7456
  43. Mirziyoyev, S. (2025, April 4). *Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the first “Central Asia–European Union” summit*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/8023
  44. Mirziyoyev, S. (2025, April 7). *Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 150th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union*. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/8034
  45. Moldashev, K., & Qoraboyev, I. (2018). From regional integration to soft institutionalism: What kind of regionalism for Central Asia? In J. Nicharapova & S. Peyrouse (Eds.), *Integration processes and state interests in Eurasia* (pp. 83–97). American University of Central Asia. https://research.auca.kg/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2017/10/Integration-Processes-and-State-Interests-in-Eurasia.pdf
  46. Pérez, J. O. (2023). Brazil’s foreign policy and security under Lula and Bolsonaro: Hierarchy, racialization, and diplomacy. *Security Studies, 32*(4–5), 653–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2230447
  47. Presel, J. A. (2020, August 19). *Memoir: Negotiating with Karimov*. Eurasianet. https://eurasianet.org/memoir-negotiating-with-karimov
  48. Rakhimov, M. A. (2018). Complex regionalism in Central Asia: Local, regional, and global factors. *Cambridge Journal of Eurasian Studies, 2*, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22261/CJES.J6Y3O7
  49. Ruziev, K. (2021). Uzbekistan’s development experiment: An assessment of Karimov’s economic legacy. *Europe-Asia Studies, 73*(7), 1303–1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2021.1919602
  50. Saud, A. (2018). Changing dynamics of Uzbekistan’s foreign policy under Shavkat Mirziyoyev: Prospects for Central Asian regional economic integration. *Central Asia Journal, 82*, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.54418/ca-82.80
  51. Silvan, K. (2020). *Uzbekistan’s new Central Asia policy: The economic rationale and political implications of good neighbourliness*. Finnish Institute of International Affairs. https://www.fiia.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/wp120_uzbekistans-new-central-asia-policy.pdf
  52. Smith, G. (2024, August 14). *Afghanistan three years after the Taliban takeover*. International Crisis Group. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/afghanistan/afghanistan-three-years-after-taliban-takeover
  53. Tolipov, F. (2024). The “C5+1” on the Central Asian geopolitical chessboard. *Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development, 27*, 254–265. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48790054
  54. United Nations. (2017, September 19). *Uzbekistan: President addresses General Debate, 72nd session*. https://gadebate.un.org/en/72/uzbekistan
  55. United Nations. (2020, September 23). *Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan H.E. Mr. Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly*. https://www.un.int/uzbekistan/news/speech-president-republic-uzbekistan-he-mr-shavkat-mirziyoyev-75th-session-united-nations
  56. United Nations. (2021, September 21). *Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan H.E. Mr. Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly*. https://www.un.int/uzbekistan/fr/statements_speeches/speech-president-shavkat-mirziyoyev-76th-session-united-nations-general-assembly
  57. United Nations Security Council. (2024, September 9). *The situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and security: Report of the Secretary-General (A/79/341-S/2024/664)*. https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/situation-afghanistan-and-its-implications-international-peace-and-security-report-secretary-general-a79341-s2024664-enarruzh
  58. Weitz, R. (2018). *Uzbekistan’s new foreign policy: Change and continuity under new leadership*. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. https://www.silkroadstudies.org/resources/pdf/SilkRoadPapers/1801Weitz.pdf
  59. Wendt, A. (1999). *Social theory of international politics*. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612183