SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology / 2026 / Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Endophytic microorganisms and their biotechnological potentials

Ceyda Berceste Karabulut(NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, BİYOTEKNOLOJİ (YL) (TEZLİ))0009-0007-1686-2501
Elif Yürümez Canpolat(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi)0000-0003-1470-1169
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-01-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This study was carried out to express the biotechnological potential of endophytes in terms of their general characteristics.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Endophytes generally include bacterial and fungal species that spend all or a certain period of their life cycles in the internal tissues of plants.
📊
Key Findings & Data:These microorganisms colonize plant tissues and do not harm the plant, but they promote plant growth and support the plant's defense mechanism.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This study was carried out to express the biotechnological potential of endophytes in terms of their general characteristics.
🔬Design:Review
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Endophytes · Endophytic bacteria · Endophytic fungi

Abstract

Endophytes generally include bacterial and fungal species that spend all or a certain period of their life cycles in the internal tissues of plants. These microorganisms colonize plant tissues and do not harm the plant, but they promote plant growth and support the plant's defense mechanism. These beneficial properties can be associated with secondary metabolites synthesized by endophytes. Bioactive substances and secondary metabolites produced by endophytes are very important from a biotechnological perspective. There is a potential to produce bioproducts from endophytes within the scope of microbial, agricultural, soil, fungal and industrial biotechnology. The features revealed by studies conducted with endophytes attract attention. Endophyte bacteria and fungi support soil and plant sustainability and biological environmental cleaning by taking part in processes such as phytoremediation and fixation. They constitute a source of bioproducts such as biofertilizers due to the roles they play in various biological processes and the substances they synthesize. It is the subject of various studies, from phytopathogen antagonist activity tests to biological control research. When more diverse studies are carried out using plant, pathogen, and endophyte combinations that have not yet been studied using biotechnological methods, the potential use of endophytes for biological control will be understood in more detail. Almost all plants are known to host endophytes, which represent highly important resources for biotechnological research. However, further studies are required to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of endophytes. This study was carried out to express the biotechnological potential of endophytes in terms of their general characteristics.

🔖

Cite This Article

Karabulut, C. B., Canpolat, E. Y. (2026). Endophytic microorganisms and their biotechnological potentials. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, Volume: 7 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1852536

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (63)

  1. E. Khare, J. Mishra and N. K. Arora, “Multifaceted interactions between endophytes and plant: developments and prospects”, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 9, pp. 2732, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02732
  2. D. Wilson, “Endophyte: the evolution of a term, and clarification of its use and definition”, Oikos, pp. 274-276, 1995. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545919
  3. I. Zabalgogeazcoa, “Fungal endophytes and their interaction with plant pathogens: a review”, Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 6, pp. 138-146, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2009.07.001.
  4. Z. A. Wani, N. Ashraf, T. Mohiuddin and S. Riyaz-Ul-Hassan, “Plant-endophyte symbiosis, an ecological perspective”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 99(7), pp. 2955-2965, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6487-3
  5. R. P. Ryan, K. Germaine, A. Franks, D. J. Ryan and D. N. Dowling, “Bacterial endophytes: recent developments and applications”, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 278(1), pp. 1-9, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00918.x.
  6. A. Mesaroš, M. Nedeljković, I. Atanasković, M. Anđelković, D. Danojević, S. Stanković and J. Lozo, “The Role of Root Endophyte Pseudomonas putida A32 in the Protection of Two Pepper Genotypes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata”, Horticulturae, vol. 11(5), pp. 536, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11050536.
  7. G. A. Strobel, “Endophytes as sources of bioactive products”, Microbes and Infection, vol. 5(6), pp. 535-544, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00073-X
  8. B. Guo, Y. Wang, X. Sun and K. Tang, “Bioactive natural products from endophytes: a review”, Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, vol. 44(2), pp. 136-142, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683808020026
  9. A. Porras-Alfaro and P. Bayman, “Hidden fungi, emergent properties: endophytes and microbiomes”, Annual Review of Phytopathology, vol. 49(1), pp. 291-315, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081831
  10. R. M. K. Toghueo, “Bioprospecting endophytic fungi from Fusarium genus as sources of bioactive metabolites”, Mycology, vol. 11(1), pp. 1-21, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2019.1645053.
  11. R. C. Beram, A. Beram ve H. T. D. Lehtıjarvı, “Fungal endofitler ve etkileşimleri”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 7(2), pp. 161-166, 2016.
  12. C. Liu, H. Lin, B. Li, Y. Dong and E. R. G. Y. Menzembere, “Endophyte Pseudomonas putida enhanced Trifolium repens L. growth and heavy metal uptake: A promising in-situ non-soil cover phytoremediation method of nonferrous metallic tailing”, Chemosphere, vol. 272, 129816, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129816
  13. E. Şelem, C. P. Uçar, R. Tunçtürk, A. Akköprü and M. Tunçtürk, “Aynısefa (Calendula officinalis L.)’nın Kimyasal, Fizyolojik ve Morfolojik Gelişim Parametreleri Üzerine Bazı Endofitik Bakterilerin Etkisi”, Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 10(3), pp. 300-307, 2023. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1311407
  14. T. S. Suryanarayanan, N. Thirunavukkarasu, M. B. Govindarajulu, F. Sasse, R. Jansen and T. S. Murali, “Fungal endophytes and bioprospecting”, Fungal Biology Reviews, vol. 23(1-2), pp. 9-19, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2009.07.001.
  15. N. Rai, P. K. Keshri, P. Gupta, A. Verma, S. C. Kamble, S. K. Singh and V. Gautam, “Bioprospecting of fungal endophytes from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz with antioxidant and cytotoxic activity”, PLoS One, vol. 17(3), e0264673, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264673
  16. S. Sülü, İ. A. Bozkurt and S. Soylu, “Bitki büyüme düzenleyici ve biyolojik mücadele etmeni olarak bakteriyel endofitler”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 21(1), pp. 103-111, 2016.
  17. K. K. Bastas, “Impacts of Climate Changes on Plant-Beneficial Microorganism Interactions”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, vol. 9, pp. 2594-2603, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9isp.2594-2603.4946
  18. Z. C. Aktan and S. Soylu, “Diyarbakır ilinde yetişen badem ağaçlarından endofit ve epifit bakteri türlerinin izolasyonu ve bitki gelişimini teşvik eden mekanizmalarının karakterizasyonu”, KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg., vol. 23(3), 641-654, 2020. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.659802
  19. R. Ortega Pérez, J. C. Nieto García, V. M. Gallegos-Cedillo, M. Á. Domene Ruiz, M. Santos Hernández, C. Nájera, I. M. Mellado and F. Diánez Martínez, “Biofertilizers enriched with PGPB improve soil fertility and the productivity of an intensive tomato crop”, Agronomy, vol. 13(9), pp. 2286,2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092286
  20. M. Kara and S. Soylu, “Isolation of endophytic bacterial isolates from healthy banana trees and determination of their in vitro antagonistic activities against crown rot disease agent Fusarium verticillioides”, Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 27(1), pp. 36-46, 2022. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1021349
  21. Y. Gümüş and E. M. Soylu, “Endofit ve Epifit Bakteri İzolatlarının Bazı Turunçgil Fungal Hastalık Etmenlerine Karşı in vitro Biyokontrol Etkinlik ve Etki Mekanizmalarının Belirlenmesi”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, vol. 27(6), pp. 1376-1391, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1459337
  22. R. J. Rodriguez, J. F. White Jr, A. E. Arnold and A. R. A. Redman, “Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles”, New Phytologist, vol. 182(2), pp. 314-330, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02773.x
  23. M. Muhammad, A. Basit, K. Ali, H. Ahmad, W. J. Li, A. Khan and H. I. Mohamed, “A review on endophytic fungi: A potent reservoir of bioactive metabolites with special emphasis on blight disease management”, Archives of Microbiology, vol. 206(3), pp. 129, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03828-x
  24. H. G. Gowtham, P. Hema, M. Murali, N. Shilpa, K. Nataraj, G. L. Basavaraj, S.B. Singh, M. Ajyaz, A.C. Udayashankar and K. N. Amruthesh, “Fungal endophytes as mitigators against biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants”, Journal of Fungi, vol. 10(2), pp. 116, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10020116
  25. R. N. Kharwar, A. Mishra, S. K. Gond, A. Stierle and D. Stierle, “Anticancer compounds derived from fungal endophytes: their importance and future challenges”, Natural Product Reports, vol. 28(7), pp. 1208-1228, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1NP00008J
  26. M. Avan and R. Kotan, “Fungusların mikrobiyal gübre veya biyopestisit olarak tarımda kullanılması”, Uluslararası Doğu Anadolu Fen Mühendislik ve Tasarım Dergisi, vol. 3(1), pp. 167-191, 2021. https://doi.org/10.47898/ijeased.849817
  27. C. García-Latorre, S. Rodrigo and O. Santamaría, “Endophytes as Plant Nutrient Uptake-Promoter in Plants”, in Maheshwari, D.K., Dheeman, S. (eds) Endophytes: Mineral Nutrient Management, Vol. 3. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 26. Springer, Cham, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65447-4_11
  28. M. Sood, D. Kapoor, V. Kumar, N. Kalia, R. Bhardwaj, G. P. Sidhu and A. Sharma, “Mechanisms of plant defense under pathogen stress: A review”, Current Protein and Peptide Science, vol. 22(5), pp. 376-395, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203722666210125122827
  29. P. Pandey and M.Senthil-Kumar, “Plant-pathogen interaction in the presence of abiotic stress: What do we know about plant responses?”, Plant Physiology Reports, vol. 24(4), pp. 541-549, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-019-00483-7
  30. C. Lodewyckx, J. Vangronsveld, F. Porteous, E. R. Moore, S. Taghavi, M. Mezgeay and D. V. der Lelie, “Endophytic bacteria and their potential applications”, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, vol. 21(6), pp. 583-606, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735-260291044377
  31. P. R. Hardoim, L. S. van Overbeek and J. D. van Elsas, “Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in plant growth”, Trends in Microbiology, vol. 16(10), pp. 463-471, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2008.07.008
  32. T. Varga, K. K. Hixson, A. H. Ahkami, A. W. Sher, M. E. Barnes, R. K. Chu, A. K. Battu, C. D. Nicora, T. E. Winkler, L. R. Reno, S. C. Fakra, O. Antipova, D. Y. Parkinson, J.R. Hall and S. L. Doty, “Endophyte-promoted phosphorus solubilization in Populus”, Frontiers in Plant Science, vol.11, pp. 567918, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.567918
  33. M. V. Çetiz and A. Memon, “Effect of the plant-microbe interaction on secondary metabolites”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, vol. 9(2), pp. 281-287, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i2.281-287.3775
  34. T. Suebrasri, H. Harada, S. Jogloy, J. Ekprasert and S. Boonlue, “Auxin-producing fungal endophytes promote growth of sunchoke”, Rhizosphere, vol. 16, pp. 100271, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2020.100271
  35. S. Pardo-Díaz, F. Romero-Perdomo, J. Mendoza-Labrador, D. Delgadillo-Duran, E. Castro-Rincon, A. M. Silva, D. F. Rojas-Tapias, E. J.B.N. Cardoso and G. A. Estrada-Bonilla, “Endophytic PGPB improves plant growth and quality, and modulates the bacterial community of an intercropping system”,Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 5, 715270, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.715270
  36. G. Santoyo, G. Moreno-Hagelsieb, M. C. Orozco-Mosqueda and B. R. Glick, “Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes”, Microbiological Research, vol. 183, pp. 92-99, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.008
  37. A. W. Davidson and D. A. Potter, “Response of plant-feeding, predatory, and soil-inhabiting invertebrates to Acremonium endophyte and nitrogen fertilization in tall fescue turf”, Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 88(2), pp. 367-379, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/88.2.367
  38. A. Sadak, A. S. İbrahim and S. Şensoy, “Effects of Endophytice Bacteria Applications on Pepper Seedlings Growth of under Different Drought-Stress Conditions”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, vol. 9(7), pp. 1277-1282, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i7.1277-1282.4186
  39. A. Miranda-Carrazco, Y. E. Navarro-Noya, B. Govaerts, N. Verhulst and L. Dendooven, “Nitrogen fertilizer application alters the root endophyte bacterial microbiome in maize plants, but not in the stem or rhizosphere soil”, Microbiology Spectrum, vol. 10(6), e01785-22, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01785-22
  40. Y. Liu, G. Chu, E. Stirling, H. Zhang, S. Chen, C. Xu, X. Zhang, T. Ge and D. Wang, “Nitrogen fertilization modulates rice seed endophytic microbiomes and grain quality”, Science of the Total Environment, vol. 857, 159181, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159181
  41. S. Soylu, M. Kara, E. M. Soylu, A. Uysal ve Ş. Kurt, “Geotrichum citri-aurantii’nin sebep olduğu turunçgil ekşi çürüklük hastalığının biyolojik mücadelesinde endofit bakterilerin biyokontrol potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi”, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 19(1), pp. 177-191, 2022.http://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.944704
  42. S. Soylu ve İ. A. Bozkurt, “Elma kök uru hastalığı etmeni Rhizobium radiobacter’e karşı epifit ve endofit bakteri izolatlarının antagonistik potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi”, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 16(3), pp. 348-361, 2019. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.556256
  43. K. A. M. Abo-Elyousr, I. R. Abdel-Rahim, N. M. Almasoudi and S. A. Alghamdi, “Native Endophytic Pseudomonas putida as a Biocontrol Agent against Common Bean Rust Caused by Uromyces appendiculatus”, Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 7(9), pp. 745, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090745
  44. G. Eryigit, H. Ozaktan and U.Sanver, “Pseudomonas putida has potential for biological control of bacterial spot of tomato, caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria”, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, vol. 64(2), pp. 271-284, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-15347
  45. G. Boyno, S. Demir ve A. Akköprü, “Domateste Alternaria solani (Ell. & G. Martin) Sor.’ye karşı bazı endofit bakterilerin etkisi”, Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 6(3), pp. 469-477, 2020. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.770380
  46. D. S. Akgül ve H. İ. Kara, “Gaziantep bağ alanlarındaki endofitik funguslar ve bunların fungal gövde patojenleriyle antagonistik ilişkileri”, Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, vol. 13(1), pp. 48-66, 2022. https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.1095497.
  47. A. Yağcı, D. S. Akgül ve R. Cangi, “Asma Anaç ve Çeşitlerinden İzole Edilen Endofitik Fungusların Asma Gövde Hastalıklarıyla İlişkili Bazı Fungal Patojenlere Karşı In Vitro Antagonistik Etkileri”, Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 39(2), pp. 451-461, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2024.164.
  48. B. Schulz, A. K. Römmert, U. Dammann, H. J. Aust and D. Strack, “The endophyte-host interaction: a balanced antagonism?”, Mycological Research, vol. 103(10), pp. 1275-1283, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756299008540
  49. B. Schulz, S. Guske, U. Dammann and C. Boyle, “Endophyte-host interactions. II. Defining symbiosis of the endophyte-host interaction”, presented at the Second International Congress of Symbiosis, April, 1997.
  50. R. K. Kumar, V. R. Senthamizhkumaran, S. Alagendran, M. Chitra, K. R. Kumar, T. Tyagi and A. Tyagi, “Advances in agricultural biotechnology: Enhancing productivity and sustainability in India: A review”, Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, vol. 30(7), pp. 366-383, 2024. http://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72154
  51. R. M. Ram, C. Keswani, K. Bisen, R. Tripathi, S. P. Singh and H. B. Singh, “Biocontrol technology: eco-friendly approaches for sustainable agriculture”, in Omics technologies and bio-engineering. Academic Press, pp. 177-190, 2018.
  52. S. Umesha, P. K. Singh, R. P. Singh, “Microbial biotechnology and sustainable agriculture”, in Biotechnology for sustainable agriculture. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 185-205, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812160-3.00006-4.
  53. D. C. Fontana, S. de Paula, A. G. Torres, V. H. M. de Souza, S. F. Pascholati, D. Schmidt and D.D. Neto, “Endophytic fungi: Biological control and induced resistance to phytopathogens and abiotic stresses”, Pathogens, vol. 10(5), pp. 570, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050570
  54. N. V. Meyling and J. Eilenberg, “Ecology of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in temperate agroecosystems: potential for conservation biological control”, Biological Control, vol. 43(2), pp. 145-155, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.070.007
  55. H. Harwoko, G. Daletos, F. Stuhldreier, J. Lee, S. Wesselborg, M. Feldbrügge, W. E.G. Müller, R. Kalscheuer, E. Ancheeva and P. Proksch, “Dithiodiketopiperazine derivatives from endophytic fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Epicoccum nigrum”, Natural Product Research, vol. 35(2), pp. 257-265,2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1627348
  56. J. Poveda, P. Abril-Urias and C. Escobar, “Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes by filamentous fungi inducers of resistance: Trichoderma, mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi”, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 11, pp. 992, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00992
  57. R. E. Hanada, T. de Jorge Souza, A. W. Pomella, K. P. Hebbar, J. O. Pereira, A. Ismaiel and G. J. Samuels, “Trichoderma martiale sp. nov., a new endophyte from sapwood of Theobroma cacao with a potential for biological control”, Mycological Research, vol. 112(11), pp. 1335-1343, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2008.06.022
  58. F. Santos‐Beneit, “What is the role of microbial biotechnology and genetic engineering in medicine?”, Microbiologyopen, vol. 13(2), e1406, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1406
  59. M. G. Roth, N. M. Westrick and T. T. Baldwin, “Fungal biotechnology: From yesterday to tomorrow”, Frontiers in Fungal Biology, vol. 4, 1135263, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2023.1135263
  60. M. Gavrilescu, “Environmental biotechnology: achievements, opportunities and challenges”, Dynamic Biochemistry, Process Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, vol. 4(1), pp. 1-36, 2010.
  61. S. Salazar-Cerezo, R. P. de Vries and S.Garrigues, “Strategies for the development of industrial fungal producing strains”, Journal of Fungi, vol. 9(8), pp. 834, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080834
  62. A. Kumar, V. Verma, V. K. Dubey, A. Srivastava, S. K. Garg, V. P. Singh and P. K. Arora, “Industrial applications of fungal lipases: a review”, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 14, 1142536, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142536
  63. P. V. Pham, “Medical biotechnology: techniques and applications”, in Omics technologies and bio-engineering, Academic Press, pp. 449-469, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804659-3.00019-1