SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Environmental Research and Technology / 2026 / Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Removal of indigo dye by photocatalysis process using Taguchi experimental design

Gamze Doğdu Okçu(ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0278-8503
Tuğba Tunacan(ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-3207-8932
Emre Dikmen(ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8227-8502
Pages
—
Publication Date
2019-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results presented that the theoretically predicted value for degradation efficiency (100%) was confirmed by the experimental value (100%).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The major concern of the present research is degradation of hazardous and stable Indigo dye used in industrial denim dying process.
📊
Key Findings & Data:For this purpose, a heterogeneous photocatalysis process was carried out to treat aqueous solution of Indigo dye using pure titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in a batch reactor system under ultraviolet A (UVA) light for 210 min.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results presented that the theoretically predicted value for degradation efficiency (100%) was confirmed by the experimental value (100%).
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Indigo dye · Optimization · Photocatalytic degradation

Abstract

The major concern of the present research is degradation of hazardous and stable Indigo dye used in industrial denim dying process. For this purpose, a heterogeneous photocatalysis process was carried out to treat aqueous solution of Indigo dye using pure titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in a batch reactor system under ultraviolet A (UVA) light for 210 min. In the study, individual and synergistic effects of factors such as TiO 2 dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration were scrutinized. Moreover, Taguchi statistical method was performed to optimize influential parameters. The results obtained from the study that TiO 2 concentration had the most effective factor on the Indigo dye degradation. The optimal conditions for dye removal were A (pH) at level 2 (4), B (initial dye concentration) at level 1 (10 mg/L) and C (TiO 2 concentration) at level 4 (1.5 g/L). The results presented that the theoretically predicted value for degradation efficiency (100%) was confirmed by the experimental value (100%).

🔖

Cite This Article

Okçu, G. D., Tunacan, T., Dikmen, E. (2019). Removal of indigo dye by photocatalysis process using Taguchi experimental design. Environmental Research and Technology, Volume: 2 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.457739

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (38)

  1. . Eurostat, “A closer look at clothes and footwear in the EU,” Available: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/-/EDN-20180227-1, (accessed 27 February 2018).
  2. . K. Hendaoui, F. Ayari, I.B. Rayana, R.B. Amar, F. Darragi, and M. Trabelsi-Ayadi, “Real indigo effluent decontamination using continuous electrocoagulation cell: Study and optimization using Response Surface Methodology,” Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 116, pp. 578-589, 2018.
  3. . A. Yalcuk, and G. Dogdu Okcu, “Biosorption of Indigo and Acid Yellow 2G (Y2G) dyes from aqueous solutions using a commercial powder form of ecologically pure Hawaiian Spirulina pacifica (HSP),” Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 79, pp. 386-399, 2017.
  4. . R. Qu, B. Xu, L. Meng, L. Wang, and Z. Wang, “Ozonation of indigo enhanced by carboxylated carbon nanotubes: Performance optimization, degradation products, reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation,” Water Research, Vol. 68, pp. 316–327, 2015.
  5. . C.G. Joseph, Y.L. Sharain-Liew, A. Bono, and L.Y. Teng, “Photodegradation of Indigo Dye Using TiO2 and TiO2/Zeolite System,” Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 25, pp. 8402-8406, 2013.
  6. . P.O. Bankole, A.A. Adekunle, O.F. Obidi, O.D. Olukanni, and S.P. Govindwar, “Degradation of indigo dye by a newly yeast, Diutina rugosa from dye wastewater polluted soil,” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 5, pp. 4639-4648, 2017.
  7. . S. Hammami, M.A. Oturan, N. Oturan, N. Bellakhal, and M. Dachraoui, “Comparative mineralization of textile dye indigo by photo-Fenton process and anodic oxidation using boron-doped diamond anode,” Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 45, pp. 297–304, 2012.
  8. . C.F. Couto, L.S. Marques, J. Balmant, A.P. de Oliveira Maia, W.G. Moravia, M. Cristina, and S. Amaral, “Hybrid MF and membrane bioreactor process applied towards water and indigo reuse from denim textile wastewater,” Environmental Technology, Vol. 39, pp. 725-738, 2018.
  9. . A.M. Chia, and I.R. Musa, “Effect of indigo dye effluent on the growth, biomass production and phenotypic plasticity of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorococcales).” Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Vol. 86, pp. 419-428, 2014.
  10. . M.T. Yagub, T.K. Sen, S. Afroze, and H.M. Ang, “Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 209, pp. 172-184, 2014.
  11. . B. Naroozi, and G.A. Sorial, Applicable models for multi-component adsorption of dyes: a review.” Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 25, pp. 419-429, 2013.
  12. . A. Trujillo-Ortega, S.A. Martinez Delgadillo, V.X. Mendoza-Escamilla, M. May-Lozano, and C. Barrera-Diaz, “Modeling the removal of indigo dye from aqueous media in a sonoelectrochemical flow reactor,” International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Vol. 8, pp. 3876–3887, 2013.
  13. . J. Zolgharnein, and M. Rastgordani, “Optimization of simultaneous removal of binary mixture of indigo carmine and methyl orange dyes by cobalt hydroxide nano-particles through Taguchi method,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 262, pp. 405-414, 2018.
  14. . N. Gupta, A.K. Kuswaha, and M.C. Chattopadhyaya, “Application of potato (Solanum tuberosum) plant wastes for the removal of methylene blue and malachite green dye from aqueous solution,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 9, pp. S707-S716, 2016.
  15. . M.A. García-Morales, G. Roa-Morales, C. Barrera-Díaz, V. Martínez Míranda, P. Balderas Hernández, and T.B. Pavón Silva, “Integrated Advanced Oxidation Process (Ozonation) and Electrocoagulation Treatments for Dye Removal in Denim Effluents,” International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Vol. 8, pp. 8752-8763, 2013.[16]. K. Hendaoui, F. Ayari, I.B. Rayana, R.B. Amar, F. Darragi, and M. Trabelsi-Ayadi, “Real indigo dyeing effluent decontamination using continuous electrocoagulation cell: Study and optimization using Response Surface Methodology,” Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 116, pp. 578-589, 2018.
  16. . C.Z. Liang, S.P. Sun, F.Y. Li, Y.K. Ong, and T.S. Chung, “Treatment of highly concentrated wastewater containing multiple synthetic dyes by a combined process of coagulation/flocculation and nanofiltration,” Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 469, pp. 306-315, 2014.
  17. . P.T. Almazán-Sánchez, P.W. Marin-Noríega, E. González-Mora, I. Linares-Hernández, M.J. Solache-Rios, I.G. Martínez-Cienfuegos, and V. Martínez-Miranda, “Treatment of Indigo-Dyed Textile Wastewater Using Solar Photo-Fenton with Modified Clay and Copper-Modified Carbon,” Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Vol. 228, pp. 294-308, 2017.
  18. . A. Hassan Ali, “Study on the photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye by TiO2 photocatalyst,” Journal of Kerbala University, Vol. 11, pp. 145-153, 2013.
  19. . Z. Zainal, L.K. Hui, M.Z. Hussein, Y.H.T. Yap, A.H. Abdullah, and I. Ramli, “Removal of dyes using immobilized titanium dioxide illuminated by fluorescent lamps,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 125, pp. 113-120, 2005.
  20. . O.T. Alaoui, Q.T. Nguyen, and T. Rhlalou, “Preparation and characterization of a new TiO2/SiO2 composite catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmin,” Environmental Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, pp. 175-181, 2009.
  21. . S.V. Mohan, S. Veer Raghavulu, S. Srikanth, and P.N. Sarma, “Bioelectricity production by mediatorless microbial fuel cell under acidophilic condition using wastewater as substrate: Influence of substrate loading rate,” Current Science, Vol. 92, pp. 1720-1726, 2007.
  22. . Y. Saatçi, Ö. Hanay, “Color removal from ındigo dye containing wastewater by electro-fenton process,” Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 29, pp. 129-134, 2013.
  23. . L. Khenniche, L. Favier, A. Bouzaza, F. Fourcade, F. Aissani, and A. Amrane, “Photocataytic degradation of bezacryl yellow in batch reactors- feasibility of the combination of photocatalysis and a biological treatment,” Environmental Technology, Vol. 36, pp. 1-10, 2015.
  24. . C.G. Maia, A.S. Oliveira, E.M. Saggioro, and J.C. Moreira, “Optimization of the photocatalytic degradation of commercial azo dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspensions,” Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, Vol. 113, pp. 305-320, 2014.
  25. . J.R. Alvarez-Corena, J.A. Bergendahl, and F.L. Hart, “Advanced oxidation of five contaminants in water by UV/TiO2: Reaction kinetics and byproducts identification," Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 181, pp. 544-551, 2016.
  26. . A. Sraw, A. Pal Toor, and R.K. Wanchoo, “Adsorption kinetics and degradation mechanism study of water persistent insecticide quinalphos: for heterogeneous photocatalysis onto TiO2,” Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 57, pp. 16831-16842, 2016.
  27. . N. Daneshvar, A.R. Khataee, M.H. Rasoulifard, and M. Pourhassan, “Biodegradation of dye solution containing Malachite Green: Optimization of effective parameters using Taguchi method,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 143, pp. 214-219, 2007.
  28. . A. Arimi, M. Farhadian, A.R.S. Nazar, and M. Homayoonfal, “Assessment of operating for photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye by Fe2O3/TiO2/clinoptilolite nanocatalyst using Taguchi experimental design,” Research on Chemical Intermediates, Vol. 42, pp. 4021-4040, 2016.
  29. . O. Prieto, J. Fermoso, Y. Nuñez, J.L. del Valle, and R. Irusta, “Decolouration of textile dyes in wastewaters by photocatalysis with TiO2,” Solar Energy, Vol. 79, pp. 376-383, 2005.
  30. . M.R. Sohrabi, A. Khavaran, S. Shariati, and S. Shariati, “Removal of Carmoisine edible dye by Fenton and photo Fenton processes using Taguchi orthogonal array design,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 10, pp. S3523-3531, 2017.
  31. . T. Kıvak, “Optimization of surface roughness and flank wear using the Taguchi method in milling of Hadfield steel with PVD and CVD coated inserts,” Measurement, Vol. 50, pp. 19-28, 2014.
  32. . E. Canıyılmaz, and F. Kutay, “An Alternative Approach to Analysis of Variance in Taguchi Method,” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Vol. 18, pp. 51-63, 2003.
  33. . P.J. Ross, Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering: Loss Function, Orthogonal Experiments, Parameter and Tolerance Design, 2nd ed., NY: McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 1996.
  34. . C.B. Raj, and C.H.L. Quen, “Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: optimization of UV/H2O2 process through a statistical technique,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 60, pp. 5305–5311, 2005.
  35. . S. Rashidi, M. Nikazar, A.V. Yazdi, and R. Fazaeli, “Optimized photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Blue 2 by TiO2/UV process,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, Vol. 49, pp. 452-462, 2014.
  36. . Y.H. Andrew Liou, P.P. Lin, R.R. Lindeke, H.D. Chiang, “Tolerance specification of robat kinematic parameters using and experimental design technique the Taguchi method,” Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 10, pp. 199-207, 1993.
  37. . K.D. Kim, D.N. Han, and H.T. Kim, “Optimization of experimental conditions based on the Taguchi robust design for the formation of nano-sized silver particles by chemical reduction method,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 104, pp. 55-61, 2004.
  38. . P.H. Sreeja, and K.J. Sosamony, “A Comparative Study of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Process for Textile Wastewater Treatment,” Procedia Technology, Vol. 24, pp. 217-223, 2016.