SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Parental Anxiety and Children's Mediterranean Diet Quality Index during the COVID-19 pandemic

Elif Nur Elçi(ANKARA MEDİPOL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0003-5266-5450
Başak Can(İSTANBUL GELİŞİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0002-0608-6496
Sine Yılmaz(ANKARA MEDİPOL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2592-9057
Pages
—
Publication Date
2023-08-31
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

To protect public health in future pandemics, healthy eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet should be expanded.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:COVID-19, which affected the whole world in 2019, caused various psychosocial disorders, especially stress and anxiety disorders in individuals.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The Mediterranean diet, which is one of the healthiest diets in the world thanks to its comprehensive vitamin and mineral content, has also been reported to be protective against COVID-19.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:To protect public health in future pandemics, healthy eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet should be expanded.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:2019 Verileri
⚙️Variables:COVID-19 · KIDMED · Mediterranean Diet

Abstract

COVID-19, which affected the whole world in 2019, caused various psychosocial disorders, especially stress and anxiety disorders in individuals. Anxiety disorder, which is very common in parents, affects children's eating behaviors. The Mediterranean diet, which is one of the healthiest diets in the world thanks to its comprehensive vitamin and mineral content, has also been reported to be protective against COVID-19. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' anxiety levels and KIDMED scores, which measure their children's compliance with the Mediterranean diet. The questionnaire form, which was created using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), was delivered to the parents by snowball method. In total, 589 parents were reached. Conditions such as parental gender, relationship status, number of children, and dietary supplement use before COVID-19 were only significantly associated with BAI. (p<0,05). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the CAS and BAI score was weakly associated with the KIDMED score (0,39*; 0,01 and 0,14*;0,01). As a result, compliance with the Mediterranean diet protects individuals against diseases. It is very important for children and adolescents, who are the individuals of the future, to have a healthy diet. To protect public health in future pandemics, healthy eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet should be expanded.

Özet

COVID-19, which affected the whole world in 2019, caused various psychosocial disorders, especially stress and anxiety disorders in individuals. Anxiety disorder, which is very common in parents, affects children's eating behaviors. The Mediterranean diet, which is one of the healthiest diets in the world thanks to its comprehensive vitamin and mineral content, has also been reported to be protective against COVID-19. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' anxiety levels and KIDMED scores, which measure their children's compliance with the Mediterranean diet. The questionnaire form, which was created using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), was delivered to the parents by snowball method. In total, 589 parents were reached. Conditions such as parental gender, relationship status, number of children, and dietary supplement use before COVID-19 were only significantly associated with BAI. (p<0,05). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the CAS and BAI score was weakly associated with the KIDMED score (0,39*; 0,01 and 0,14*;0,01). As a result, compliance with the Mediterranean diet protects individuals against diseases. It is very important for children and adolescents, who are the individuals of the future, to have a healthy diet. To protect public health in future pandemics, healthy eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet should be expanded.

🔖

Cite This Article

Elçi, E. N., Can, B., Yılmaz, S. (2023). Parental Anxiety and Children's Mediterranean Diet Quality Index during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Volume: 8 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1278492

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (53)

  1. Ash, T., Agaronov, A., Young, T., Aftosmes-Tobio, A., & Davison, K.K. (2017). Family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), p. 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966- 017-0571-2
  2. Bacopoulou, F., Landis, G., Rentoumis, A., Tsitsika, A., & Efthymiou, V. (2017). Mediterranean diet decreases adolescent waist circumference. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 47(6), pp. 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12760
  3. Bendau, A., Kunas, S.L., Wyka, S., Petzold, M.B., Plag, J., Asselmann, E., & Ströhle, A. (2021). Longitudinal changes of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: The role of pre-existing anxiety, depressive, and other mental disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 79, p. 102377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102377.
  4. Biçer, İ., Çakmak, C., & Demir, H. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale short form: Turkish validity and reliability study. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, pp. 216–225. https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.731092
  5. Cena, H., & Calder, P. C. (2020). Defining a healthy diet: Evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns in health and disease. Nutrients, 12(2), pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020334
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html. Accessed 30 December 2023.
  7. Choi, E., Lee, J., & Lee, S. A. (2022). Validation of the Korean version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale and the Coronavirus anxiety scale’, Death Studies, 46(3), pp. 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1833383
  8. Coulthard, H., Sharps, M., Cunliffe, L., & van den Tol, A. (2021). Eating in the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic; self-reported changes in eating behaviour, and associations with BMI, eating style, coping and health anxiety. Appetite, 161, 105082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105082
  9. Çevik Güner, Ü. & Ayar, D. (2022). Pandemi sürecinde ebeveyn anksiyetesi ile çocukların korku ve davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Çocuk Dergisi, 22(2), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.1000600
  10. Emerson, J. A., Tol, W., Caulfield, L. E., & Doocy, S. (2017). Maternal psychological distress and perceived impact on child feeding practices in South Kivu, DR Congo. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 38(3), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572117714385
  11. Emerson, J. A., Caulfield, L. E., Musafiri Kishimata, E., Nzanzu, J. P., & Doocy, S. (2020). Maternal mental health symptoms are positively associated with child dietary diversity and meal frequency but not nutritional status in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Public Health Nutrition, 23(10), 1810–1819. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019004087
  12. Esteban-Gonzalo, L., Turner, A. I., Torres, S. J., Esteban-Cornejo, I., Castro-Piñero, J., Delgado-Alfonso, Á., Marcos, A., GómezMartínez, S., & Veiga, Ó. L. (2019). Diet quality and well-being in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study. The British Journal of Nutrition, 121(2), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114518003070
  13. Etikan, I., Alkassim, R., & Abubakar, S. (2016). Comparision of snowball sampling and sequential sampling technique. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 3(1), p. 55. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2016.03.00055
  14. Fountoulakis, K. N., Apostolidou, M. K., Atsiova, M. B., Filippidou, A. K., Florou, A. K., Gousiou, D. S., Katsara, A. R., Mantzari, S. N., Padouva-Markoulaki, M., Papatriantafyllou, E. I., Sacharidi, P. I., Tonia, A. I., Tsagalidou, E. G., Zymara, V. P., Prezerakos, P. E., Koupidis, S. A., Fountoulakis, N. K., & Chrousos, G. P. (2021). Selfreported changes in anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 624–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.061
  15. Gayretli, S. & Sönmez Düzkaya, D. (2023). Pandemi sürecinde ebeveynlerin koronavirüs anksiyete düzeyinin ebeveyn çocuk ilişkisine etkisi. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 6 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1148061
  16. Hafiz, N. M., El-Readi, M. Z., Esheba, G., Althubiti, M., Ayoub, N., Alzahrani, A. R., Al-Ghamdi, S. S., & Eid, S. Y. (2023). The use of the nutritional supplements during the covid-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 72, 102917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102917
  17. Kabaran, S. & Gezer, C. (2013). Determination of the mediterranean diet and the obesity status of children and adolescents in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi,7 (1), 11-20. Kenđel Jovanović, G., Dragaš Zubalj, N., Klobučar Majanović, S., Rahelić, D., Rahelić, V., Vučak Lončar, J., & Pavičić Žeželj, S. (2021). The outcome of COVID-19 lockdown on changes in body mass index and lifestyle among Croatian schoolchildren: a crosssectional study. Nutrients, 13(11), 3788. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113788
  18. Kırşan, M. & Özcan, B. A. (2021). Adölesanlarda sağlık okuryazarlığı ve beslenme okuryazarlığının diyet kalitesine etkisi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (27), 532-538. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.962135
  19. Kuru Yasar, R. & Üstün Aytekin, Ö. (2021). COVID-19 ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkiye güncel bir bakış. Akademik Gıda, 19 (1), 108- 115. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.927735
  20. Lee S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
  21. Mendeş, B., Can, B., & Yılmaz, S. (2022). COVID-19 pandemisinde bireylerin kaygı düzeylerinin ve ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (16), 258-270.
  22. https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1062225 Nittari, G., Scuri, S., Petrelli, F., Pirillo, I., di Luca, N. M., & Grappasonni, I. (2019). Fighting obesity in children from European World Health Organization member states. Epidemiological data, medical-social aspects, and prevention programs. La Clinica Terapeutica, 170(3), e223–e230. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2019.2137
  23. Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  24. Philippe, K., Chabanet, C., Issanchou, S., & Monnery-Patris, S. (2021). Child eating behaviors, parental feeding practices and food shopping motivations during the COVID-19 lockdown in France: (How) did they change? Appetite, 161, 105132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105132
  25. Ren, J., Li, X., Chen, S., Chen, S., & Nie, Y. (2020). The influence of factors such as parenting stress and social support on the state anxiety in parents of special needs children during the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 565393.
  26. Schou, T. M., Joca, S., Wegener, G., & Bay-Richter, C. (2021). Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 - A systematic review. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 97, 328–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.018
  27. Seremet Kürklü, N., Kamarlı Altun, H. & Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş. (2023). COVID-19 pandemisinde sosyal izolasyonun çocuklarda beslenme alışkanlıkları, diyet kalitesi, yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve obezite üzerine etkisi. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 9 (1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.959674
  28. Serra-Majem, L., Ribas, L., Ngo, J., Ortega, R. M., García, A., PérezRodrigo, C., & Aranceta, J. (2004). Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain, Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 7(7), 931–935. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2004556
  29. Soyanıt, Ş., Cabar, H. D., Avcı, G. & Aydın Avcı, İ. (2022). Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde okul çocuğuna sahip ebeveynlerin anksiyete düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 16 (4), 660-669. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1063851
  30. Sümen, A., & Evgin, D. (2022). A cross-sectional study examining selfreported anthropometric measurements with adolescents' nutrition attitudes, obesity awareness and diet quality indices during the pandemic. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 64, 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.01.018
  31. Şahingöz, S. A., Özgen, L., & Yalçın, A. G. E. (2019). Akdeniz diyet kalitesi ölçeğinin (Mediterranean Diet Quality-KIDMED) geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. In Conference: 5th International Eurasian Congress on Natural Nutrition, Healthy.
  32. Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 72, 102232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232
  33. Tibbs, T., Haire-Joshu, D., Schechtman, K. B., Brownson, R. C., Nanney, M. S., Houston, C., & Auslander, W. (2001). The relationship between parental modeling, eating patterns, and dietary intake among African-American parents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101(5), 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00134-1
  34. Tommasi, M., Toro, F., Salvia, A., & Saggino, A. (2022). Connections between children's eating habits, mental health, and parental stress. Journal of Obesity, 2022, 6728502. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6728502
  35. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2015). Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER). https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/10915,tuber-turkiyebeslenme-rehberipdf.pdf. Accessed 20 February 2023.
  36. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 bilgilendirme platformu, 2023. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. Accessed 20 December 2022.
  37. Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği. Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği’nin koronavirüs (COVID-19) hakkında beslenme önerileri. http://www.tdd.org.tr/index.php/duyurular/69-covid-19- beslenme-onerileri. Accessed 30 December 2022.
  38. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Coğrafi İstatistik Portalı, 2022. https://cip.tuik.gov.tr/. Accessed 20 December 2022.
  39. Ulusoy, M., Sahin, N. H., & Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 12(2), pp. 163–172.
  40. UNICEF. (2019). The State of the World’s Children 2019 Growing well in a changing world Children, food and nutrition. https://www.unicef.org/media/60811/file/SOWC-2019-Execsummary.pdf. Accessed 20 December 2022.
  41. Villodres, G. C., García-Pérez, L., Corpas, J. M., & Muros, J. J. (2021). Influence of confinement due to COVID-19 on physical activity and mediterranean diet adherence and its relationship with selfesteem in pre-adolescent students. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 8(10), 848. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8100848
  42. Winpenny, E. M., van Sluijs, E. M. F., White, M., Klepp, K. I., Wold, B., & Lien, N. (2018). Changes in diet through adolescence and early adulthood: longitudinal trajectories and association with key life transitions. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0719-8
  43. World Health Organization. (2023). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed 25 December 2022.
  44. World Health Organization. Nutrition and COVID-19. https://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/covid-19/index.html. Accessed 25 December 2022.
  45. World Medical Association. (2018). WMA Declaratıon of Helsınkı – ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-ofhelsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involvinghuman-subjects/. Accessed 25 December 2022.
  46. Wu, M., Xu, W., Yao, Y., Zhang, L., Guo, L., Fan, J., & Chen, J. (2020). Mental health status of students’ parents during COVID-19 pandemic and its influence factors. General Psychiatry, 33(4).
  47. Yılmazbaş, P. & Gökçay, G. (2018). Çocukluk çağı obezitesi ve önlenmesi. Çocuk Dergisi, 18 (3), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2018.59389
  48. Gayretli, S. & Sönmez Düzkaya, D. (2023). Pandemi sürecinde ebeveynlerin koronavirüs anksiyete düzeyinin ebeveyn çocuk ilişkisine etkisi. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 6 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1148061
  49. Kabaran, S. & Gezer, C. (2013). Determination of the mediterranean diet and the obesity status of children and adolescents in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi,7 (1), 11-20.
  50. Kuru Yasar, R. & Üstün Aytekin, Ö. (2021). COVID-19 ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkiye güncel bir bakış. Akademik Gıda, 19 (1), 108- 115. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.927735
  51. Seremet Kürklü, N., Kamarlı Altun, H. & Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş. (2023). COVID-19 pandemisinde sosyal izolasyonun çocuklarda beslenme alışkanlıkları, diyet kalitesi, yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve obezite üzerine etkisi. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 9 (1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.959674
  52. Soyanıt, Ş., Cabar, H. D., Avcı, G. & Aydın Avcı, İ. (2022). Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde okul çocuğuna sahip ebeveynlerin anksiyete düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 16 (4), 660-669. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1063851
  53. Yılmazbaş, P. & Gökçay, G. (2018). Çocukluk çağı obezitesi ve önlenmesi. Çocuk Dergisi, 18 (3), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2018.59389