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Journals / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

SOLVING THE OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER DISPATCH PROBLEM WITH THE HIPPOPOTAMUS ALGORITHM

HİPOPOTAM ALGORİTMASI İLE OPTİMAL REAKTİF GÜÇ DAĞITIMI PROBLEMİNİN ÇÖZÜLMESİ

Hakan Işıker(Mersin Üniversitesi)0000-0002-6465-8480
Kadir Abacı(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, ELEKTRİK-ELEKTRONİK MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, ELEKTRİK TESİSLERİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-5627-0032
İbrahim Çağrı Barutçu(HAKKARİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HAKKARİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, ELEKTRİK PR.)0000-0001-6164-2048
Pages
170–181
Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These results concretely demonstrate that the HO algorithm not only reduces losses but also increases system efficiency through the optimal use of reactive power sources and exhibits superior performance in avoiding local minima.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study proposes the Hippopotamus Optimization (HO) algorithm, inspired by hippopotamus behavior, for the ORPD problem with the aim of minimizing active power losses in power systems.
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Key Findings & Data:The algorithm's performance was tested on a 14-bus IEEE standard test system and a real 22-bus Turkish power system at the 380 kV level.
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Conclusion & Impact:These results concretely demonstrate that the HO algorithm not only reduces losses but also increases system efficiency through the optimal use of reactive power sources and exhibits superior performance in avoiding local minima.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:ORGD · Optimizasyon · Aktif Güç Kaybı

Abstract

This study proposes the Hippopotamus Optimization (HO) algorithm, inspired by hippopotamus behavior, for the ORPD problem with the aim of minimizing active power losses in power systems. The proposed method seeks the optimal operating point without violating system constraints. The algorithm's performance was tested on a 14-bus IEEE standard test system and a real 22-bus Turkish power system at the 380 kV level. According to the simulation results, the HO algorithm achieved an 8.51% improvement by reducing active power loss from 13.49 MW to 12.342 MW in the IEEE-14 busbar system. At the same time, it achieved this result with a low shunt compensation capacity of 12.4 MVAr, offering a more economical and efficient solution compared to methods such as PSO, ABC, and ACOR in the literature. In the 22-bar Türkiye system, active power losses were reduced by 80.15%. These results concretely demonstrate that the HO algorithm not only reduces losses but also increases system efficiency through the optimal use of reactive power sources and exhibits superior performance in avoiding local minima.

Özet

Bu çalışma, güç sistemlerinde aktif güç kayıplarını en aza indirmek amacıyla ORPD problemi için hipopotam davranışlarından esinlenen Hipopotam Optimizasyon (HO) algoritmasını önermektedir. Önerilen yöntem, sistem kısıtlarını ihlal etmeden en iyi çalışma noktasını aramaktadır. Algoritmanın performansı, 14 baralı IEEE standart test sistemi ve 380 kV seviyesindeki 22 baralı gerçek bir Türkiye güç sistemi üzerinde test edilmiştir. Elde edilen simülasyon sonuçlarına göre, HO algoritması IEEE-14 baralı sistemde aktif güç kaybını 13.49 MW’tan 12.342 MW’a düşürerek %8,51 oranında bir iyileşme sağlamıştır. Aynı zamanda, toplam 12.4 MVAr gibi düşük bir şönt kompanzasyon kapasitesi ile bu sonucu elde ederek, literatürdeki PSO, ABC ve ACOR gibi yöntemlere kıyasla daha ekonomik ve verimli bir çözüm sunmuştur. 22 baralı Türkiye sisteminde ise aktif güç kayıpları %80,15 oranında kayıp azaltımı başarılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, HO algoritmasının sadece kayıpları azaltmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda reaktif güç kaynaklarının optimal kullanımıyla sistem verimliliğini artırdığını ve yerel minimumlardan kaçınma konusunda üstün bir performans sergilediğini somut verilerle kanıtlamaktadır

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Cite This Article

Işıker, H., Abacı, K., Barutçu, İ. Ç. (2026). SOLVING THE OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER DISPATCH PROBLEM WITH THE HIPPOPOTAMUS ALGORITHM. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 170–181. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1804470

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