Journals / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 28

Antibacterial Effects of Silver Nanoparticle-doped “Black Physician: Tar”

Gümüş Nanopartikül Katkılı “Siyah Hekim: Katran”ın Antibakteriyel Etkileri

Erdi Bilgiç(ANTALYA BILIM UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-2892-274X
Sinem Gürkan(ISTANBUL GELISIM UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-5146-8936
Fevzi Ak(ALANYA ALAADDIN KEYKUBAT UNIVERSITY)0009-0008-6522-3914
Arzu Özgen(ISTANBUL GELISIM UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2104-6019
Pages
69–78
Publication Date
2026-04-29
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Tar-coated AgNPs synthesized using walnut leaf extract may therefore serve as promising alternative antibacterial agents.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Juglans regia (walnut) leaf extract and coated with Cedrus libani tar against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria.
📊
Key Findings & Data:AgNPs synthesized with walnut extract showed enhanced antibacterial activity; incorporation of tar further improved performance, yielding inhibition zones comparable to those produced by antibiotics against both bacterial strains.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Tar-coated AgNPs synthesized using walnut leaf extract may therefore serve as promising alternative antibacterial agents.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Gümüş nanopartiküller · ceviz yaprağı ekstresi · sedir katranı

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Juglans regia (walnut) leaf extract and coated with Cedrus libani tar against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Method: AgNPs were biosynthesized using walnut leaf extract as the reducing agent and subsequently coated with cedar tar. The antibacterial activities of the individual components (walnut extract and tar), uncoated AgNPs, and tar-coated AgNPs were assessed via standard disc diffusion assays and compared with conventional antibiotics. Results: Both walnut extract and tar exhibited inherent antibacterial properties, though they were less effective than standard antibiotics. AgNPs synthesized with walnut extract showed enhanced antibacterial activity; incorporation of tar further improved performance, yielding inhibition zones comparable to those produced by antibiotics against both bacterial strains. Conclusion: Tar coating synergistically enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs without requiring higher nanoparticle concentrations. Tar-coated AgNPs synthesized using walnut leaf extract may therefore serve as promising alternative antibacterial agents.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Juglans regia (ceviz) yaprağı ekstresi kullanılarak sentezlenen ve Cedrus libani katranı ile kaplanan gümüş nanopartiküllerin (AgNP'ler) Gram-pozitif (Staphylococcus aureus) ve Gram-negatif (Escherichia coli) bakterilere karşı antibakteriyel aktiviteleri değerlendirildi. Yöntem: Gümüş nanopartiküller, indirgeme ajanı olarak ceviz yaprağı ekstresi kullanılarak biyosentezlendi ve ardından sedir katranı ile kaplandı. Bireysel bileşenlerin (ceviz ekstresi ve katran), kaplanmamış AgNP'lerin ve katran kaplı AgNP'lerin antibakteriyel aktiviteleri standart disk difüzyon yöntemleriyle değerlendirildi ve konvansiyonel antibiyotiklerle karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Hem ceviz ekstresi hem de katran, antibakteriyel özellikler gösterdi, ancak standart antibiyotiklere göre daha az etkiliydi. Ceviz ekstresi ile sentezlenen AgNP'ler artırılmış antibakteriyel aktivite sergiledi; ancak, katranın dahil edilmesi, her iki bakteri suşuna karşı antibiyotiklere benzer inhibisyon zonları ile antimikrobiyal performansı önemli ölçüde artırdı. Sonuç: Katran kaplamasının AgNP'ler üzerindeki sinerjik etkisi, daha yüksek nanoparçacık konsantrasyonlarına gerek kalmadan antibakteriyel etkinliği artırdı ve ceviz yaprağı ekstresi kullanılarak sentezlenen katran kaplı AgNP'lerin, alternatif antibakteriyel ajanlar olarak umut verici olabileceğini göstermektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Bilgiç, E., Gürkan, S., Ak, F., Özgen, A. (2026). Antibacterial Effects of Silver Nanoparticle-doped “Black Physician: Tar”. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Sayı: 28, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1687362

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (24)

  1. Altay V, Karahan F. Tayfur Sökmen Kampüsü (Antakya-Hatay) ve çevresinde bulunan bitkiler üzerine etnobotanik bir araştırma. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2012:3(2):13-28.
  2. Deniz L, Serteser A, Kargıoğlu M. Uşak Üniversitesi ve yakın çevresindeki bazı bitkilerin mahalli adları ve etnobotanik özellikleri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;10(1):57-72.
  3. Kurt Y, Kaçar MS, Isik K. Traditional tar production from Cedrus libani A. Rich on the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey. Economic Botany. 2008;62(4):615.
  4. Ülger Z. Aydın (Merkez) ve Çevresinde Halk Hekimliği [master's thesis]. Türkiye: Aydın, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü; 2012.
  5. Gönenç A. Antalya İli Korkuteli İlçesinde Halk İnanışları ve Halk Hekimliği [doctoral thesis]. Türkiye: Konya, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü;2011.
  6. Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, et al. The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology. 2005;16(10):2346.
  7. Bilgic E, Aydin SG, Ozgen A, Nizamlioglu M. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles: Morphology and antibacterial contact effects. Medicine. 2019;8(3):541-544.
  8. Ozgen A, Bilgic E, Aydin, SG, Nizamlioglu M. Characterization of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Hypericum perforatum leaf and determination of their antibacterial activity. Medicine Science. 2019;8(3):503-507. doi: 10.5455/medscience.2018.07.8985.
  9. Lamsal K, Kim S, Jung JH, Kim YS, Kim KS, Lee YS. Inhibition effects of silver nanoparticles against powdery mildews on cucumber and pumpkin. The Korean Society of Mycology. 2011;39:26-32. doi: 10.4489/MYCO.2011.39.1.026.
  10. Carvalho-Silva JM, Ferreira I, Uehara L M, et al. Antiviral effect of silver nanoparticles against Influenza A: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Future Virology. 2025;20(1-2):19-26.
  11. Ak M. Yörüklerde halk baytarlığı. ASOS J. 2017;5(50):51-60.
  12. Ak M. Yörüklerde halk hekimliği. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. 2017;57:395-405. doi: 10.9761/JASSS7124.
  13. Russell AD, Furr JR. The antibacterial activity of a new chloroxylenol preparation containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. J Appl Bacteriol. 1977;43(2):253-260.
  14. Irobi ON, Moo-Young M, Anderson WA, et al. Antimicrobial activity of bark extracts of Bridelia ferruginea (Euphorbiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;43:185-90.
  15. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. 7th ed. Wayne (PA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2012.
  16. Mohamad Kasim AS, Ariff AB, Mohamad R, Wong FWF. Interrelations of synthesis method, polyethylene glycol coating, physico-chemical characteristics, and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(12):2475.
  17. Azwatul HM, Uda MNA, Gopinath SC, et al. Plant-based green synthesis of silver nanoparticle via chemical bonding analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.005.
  18. Khan S, Rukayadi Y, Jaafar A H, Ahmad NH. Antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (SP-AgNPs) synthesized from Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. against selected foodborne pathogens. Heliyon. 2023;9(12). doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22771.
  19. Shahzadi S, Fatima S, Shafiq Z, et al. A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using plant extracts: A multifaceted approach in photocatalysis, environmental remediation, and biomedicine. RSC Advances. 2025;15(5):3858-3903.
  20. Mert Sivri F. Introduction to nanoparticles, their synthesis, fabrication and applications. In: Nanoparticles Integrated Functional Textiles. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2025:1–30.
  21. Akhtar M F, Irshad M, et al. Understanding the silver nanotoxicity: Mechanisms, risks, and mitigation strategies. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2025;27(4):1-18.
  22. Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnology Advances. 2009:27(1),76-83.
  23. Durán N, Durán M, et al. Silver nanoparticles: A new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2016;12(3):789-799. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.016.
  24. Gurunathan S, Han JW, Kwon DN, Kim JH. Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2014;9(1):373.