Journals / International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry / 2026 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT LATTICE STRUCTURES VIA IMPLICIT MODELING METHOD

FARKLI KAFES YAPILARININ ÖRTÜK MODELLEME YÖNTEMİYLE TASARIMI VE YAPISAL TABANLI SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Hamit Kenan(ANTALYA BİLİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-8615-5406
Pages
192–209
Publication Date
2026-04-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings reveal significant differences among lattice structures in terms of mass, stiffness, and vibration characteristics.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, lattice structures from different categories available in the nTop software were parametrically modeled by integrating them into a fixed control volume, and their static and modal analyses were performed.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Thanks to nTop’s field-based modeling approach, free-form geometries were generated with high accuracy, and a reusable workflow was developed for the analyses.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings reveal significant differences among lattice structures in terms of mass, stiffness, and vibration characteristics.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kafes Yapılar · Örtük Model · Statik Analiz

Abstract

In this study, lattice structures from different categories available in the nTop software were parametrically modeled by integrating them into a fixed control volume, and their static and modal analyses were performed. Thanks to nTop’s field-based modeling approach, free-form geometries were generated with high accuracy, and a reusable workflow was developed for the analyses. A total of 23 different lattice models were designed and analyzed under identical conditions, and their mass, solid volume ratio, stiffness, and displacement behaviors were compared. The findings reveal significant differences among lattice structures in terms of mass, stiffness, and vibration characteristics. In this context, the study highlights the advantages of different lattice types in engineering applications with respect to lightweight design, durability, and dynamic performance, thereby providing guidance to researchers and designers during the preliminary design stage.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, nTop yazılımı içerisinde sunulan farklı kategorideki kafes yapılar sabit bir kontrol hacmi içerisine entegre edilerek parametrik olarak modellenmiş ve statik ile modal analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. nTop’un alan temsiline dayalı modelleme yaklaşımı sayesinde serbest geometriler yüksek doğrulukla oluşturulmuş ve analizler için yeniden kullanılabilir bir süreç geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, 23 farklı kafes modeli tasarlanmış ve her biri aynı koşullar altında analiz edilerek kütle, katı hacim oranı, rijitlik ve yer değiştirme davranışları açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, kafes yapıların kütle, rijitlik ve titreşim özellikleri arasında önemli farklar ortaya koyduğunu göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, farklı kafes tiplerinin mühendislik uygulamalarında hafiflik, dayanıklılık ve dinamik performans açısından sunduğu avantajları genel hatlarıyla ortaya koymakta ve ön tasarım aşamasında araştırmacılar ile tasarımcılara yol göstermektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kenan, H. (2026). DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT LATTICE STRUCTURES VIA IMPLICIT MODELING METHOD. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 192–209. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.1872013

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (39)

  1. Pan, C., Han, Y., Lu, J., “Design and optimization of lattice structures: a review”, Applied Sciences Vol.2020, Issue 10, Pages 1–36.
  2. nTop “Guide-to-lattice Structures in Additive Manufacturing”, https://www.ntop.com/resources/blog/guide-to-lattice-structures-in-additive-manufacturing/, Eylül 9, 2025.
  3. Gibson, LJ., “Modelling the mechanical behavior of cellular materials”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 110, Pages 1-36, 1989.
  4. Evans, AG., “Lightweight materials and structures”, MRS Bulletin, Vol. 26, Pages 790-797, 2001.
  5. Al-Ketan O, Abu Al-Rub RK., “Multifunctional mechanical metamaterials based on triply periodic minimal surface lattices.” Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 10., 2019.
  6. Yan, C., Hao, L., Hussein, A., Young, P., “Ti-6Al-4V triply periodic minimal surface structures for bone implants fabricated via selective laser melting”, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol. 51, Pages 61-73, 2015.
  7. Qi, C., Jiang, F., Yang, S., “Advanced honeycomb designs for improving mechanical properties: A review”, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 227, 2021.
  8. Wenjin, Tao., Ming, C. Leu., “Design of lattıce structure for addıtıve manufacturıng”, Proceedings of ISFA2016 2016 International Symposium on Flexible Automation, Cleveland, Ohio: 2016.
  9. Ha, C.S., Plesha, M.E., Lakes, R.S., Yousefi, A., Jolaiy, S., Lalegani, Dezaki M., “Design and mechanical characteristics of auxetic metamaterial with tunable stiffness”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 223, Issue 15, Pages 59–65, 2022.
  10. Kumar, A., Collini, L., Daurel, A., Jeng, J.Y., “Design and additive manufacturing of closed cells from supportless lattice structure”, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 33, 2020.
  11. Nguyen, D.S., Vignat, F., “A method to generate lattice structure for Additive Manufacturing”, IEEM2016: 2016 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management: 4-7 December 2016, Bali, Indonesia.
  12. Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Daynes, S., Zhang, H., Feih, S., Wang, M.Y., “Design of graded lattice structure with optimized mesostructures for additive Manufacturing” Materials and Design, Vol. 142, Pages 114–23, 2018.
  13. Du, Y., Gu, D., Xi, L., Dai, D., Gao, T., Zhu, J., et al. “Laser additive manufacturing of bio-inspired lattice structure: Forming quality, microstructure and energy absorption behavior”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol.773,2020.
  14. Liu, Y., “Mechanical properties of a new type of plate–lattice structures”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 192, 2021.
  15. Liu, R., Chen, W., Zhao, J., “A review on factors affecting the mechanical properties of additively-manufactured lattice structures”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 33, Pages 4685–711, 2024.
  16. Alkhatib, S.E., Karrech, A., Sercombe, T.B., “Isotropic energy absorption of topology optimized lattice structure”, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol.182., 2023.
  17. Yin, H., Zhang, W., Zhu, L., Meng, F., Liu, J., Wen, G., “Review on lattice structures for energy absorption properties”, Composite Structures Vol. 304, 2023.
  18. Campell, I., Wohlers, T., “AM Yields New Breeds of Bikes”, https://www.metalformingmagazine.com/article/?/applications/other/am-yields-new-breeds-of-bikes, Eylül 10, 2025.
  19. Wang. C.Y., Li, Y., Zhao, W.Z., Zou, S.C., Zhou, G., Wang, Y.L., “Structure design and multi-objective optimization of a novel crash box based on biomimetic structure”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 138–139, Pages 489–501, 2018.
  20. Jensen, S., “Take air out of the Picture”, https://www.oemoffhighway.com/drivetrains/article/10446920/resilient-technologies-airless-tire, Eylül 10, 2025.
  21. Rapid 3D., “Classic car meets 3D printing technology”, Https://Rapid3dCoZa/Classic-Car-Meets-3d-Printing-Technology/, Eylül 10, 2025.
  22. Spadoni, A., Ruzzene, M., “Numerıcal and experımental analysıs of the statıc complıance of chıral truss-core aırfoıls numerıcal and experımental analysıs of the statıc complıance of chıral truss-core aırfoıls”, Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vol. 2. 2007.
  23. Morgan, T.A., “3D-printed lattice structure absorbs vibrations and provides support”, https://www.eurekamagazine.co.uk/content/news/3d-printed-lattice-structure-absorbs-vibrations-and-provides-support, Eylül 10, 2025.
  24. Mehta, Jatan, “Structural evolution of the TeamIndus spacecraft that will land on the Moon”, Https://MediumCom/Teamindus/Structural-Evolution-of-the-Teamindus-Spacecraft-That-Will-Land-on-the-Moon-B5aa6bc73ccc, Eylül 10, 2025.
  25. Khosroshahi, S.F., Tsampas, S.A., Galvanetto, U., “Feasibility study on the use of a hierarchical lattice architecture for helmet liners”, Materials Today Communications, Vol. 14, Pages 312-323, 2018.
  26. Acanfora, V., Castaldo, R., Riccio, A., “On the effects of core microstructure on energy absorbing capabilities of sandwich panels ıntended for additive manufacturing”, Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2022.
  27. Acanfora, V., Saputo, S., Russo, A., Riccio, A., “A feasibility study on additive manufactured hybrid metal/composite shock absorbers”, Composite Structures, Vol. 268, 2021.
  28. Feng, J., Liu, B., Lin, Z., Fu, J., “Isotropic octet-truss lattice structure design and anisotropy control strategies for implant application”, Materials Design, Vol. 203, 2021.
  29. Digital Light Synthesis, “Carbon Lattice Innovation — The adidas Story”, Https://WwwCarbon3dCom/Resources/Whitepaper/the-Adidas-Story, Eylül 10, 2025.
  30. Gunaydin, K., Gülcan, O., Tamer, A., “Application of homogenization method in free vibration of multi-material auxetic metamaterials”, Vibration, Vol. 8, 2025.
  31. Avitabile, P., “Introduction to experimental modal analysis: a simple non-mathematical presentation”, Modal Testing: A Practitioner’s Guide, 2017.
  32. De Silva, C.W., “Modal analysis. vibraiton and shock handbook”, CRC Press, 2005.
  33. Kelly, S.G., “Mechanical vibrations theory and applications. cengage learning”, Cengage Learning EMEA, 2012.
  34. Kenan, H., Özen, M., Azeloğlu, C.O., “Investigating the impact of functional grading on mechanical performance for auxetic structures”, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2025.
  35. İhsan Burak, Yeter, Hamit, Kenan, C. Oktay, Azeloglu, “Kafes geometriye sahip sandviç bir yapının mekanik özelliklerinin deneysel ve sayısal analizi”, Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 32, Issue 1, Pages 23-34, 2026.
  36. Patır, A.S., Ceylan, O.B., Sarı, B., Kenan, H., Şen, İ., “Re-entrant Chiral Auxetic: An Optimal Lightweight Design and Enhanced Performance for Aerospace Structural Parts”, Digitalization in Additive Manufacturing Springer Nature Switzerland, Pages 715–729, 2025.
  37. Sarı, B., Ceylan, O.B., Patır, A.S., Kenan, H., Şen, İ., “Revolutionizing Airfoils: Utilizing Auxetic Metamaterials and Additive Manufacturing for Enhanced Performance”, Digitalization in Additive Manufacturing Springer Nature Switzerland, Pages 335–358, 2025.
  38. nTop “Guide-to-lattice Structures in Additive Manufacturing”, https://www.ntop.com/resources/blog/guide-to-lattice-structures-in-additive-manufacturing/, Eylül 9, 2025.
  39. Nguyen, D.S., Vignat, F., “A method to generate lattice structure for Additive Manufacturing”, IEEM2016: 2016 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management: 4-7 December 2016, Bali, Indonesia.