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Journals / International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry / 2026 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED MULTI-MATERIAL STRUCTURES WITH VARIABLE INFILL DENSITIES

EKLEMELİ İMALAT İLE ÜRETİLEN DEĞİŞKEN DOLULUK ORANLARINA SAHİP ÇOK MALZEMELİ YAPILARIN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Nergizhan Anaç(ZONGULDAK BULENT ECEVİT UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6738-9741
Oğuz Koçar(Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Mühendsilik Fakültesi)0000-0002-1928-4301
Erhan Baysal(ZONGULDAK BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2767-8722
Pages
340–351
Publication Date
2026-08-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

When comparing hybrid designs, it was found that increasing the packing ratio from 20% to 100% resulted in a 36.1% increase in tensile strength for the Series 2 configuration and a 24.6% increase for the Series 1 configuration.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:3D printing technologies enable the fabrication of multi-material structures within a single manufacturing process by depositing multiple materials layer-by-layer on the same build platform.
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Key Findings & Data:In this study, the mechanical behavior of multi-material structures fabricated from PLA Plus and carbon fiber-reinforced PLA (PLA-CF) using a 3D printer was investigated.
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Conclusion & Impact:When comparing hybrid designs, it was found that increasing the packing ratio from 20% to 100% resulted in a 36.1% increase in tensile strength for the Series 2 configuration and a 24.6% increase for the Series 1 configuration.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Eklemeli İmalat · 3B Baskı · Çok Malzemeli Yapı

Abstract

3D printing technologies enable the fabrication of multi-material structures within a single manufacturing process by depositing multiple materials layer-by-layer on the same build platform. In this study, the mechanical behavior of multi-material structures fabricated from PLA Plus and carbon fiber-reinforced PLA (PLA-CF) using a 3D printer was investigated. The specimens were designed to consist of three distinct regions: bottom, top, and middle. The bottom and top regions were manufactured with 100% infill density, whereas the middle region was produced with varying infill densities of 20%, 60%, and 100%. Furthermore, two different layer sequencing configurations, specifically 7-6-7 (Seri 1) and 5-10-5 (Seri 2), were applied during the fabrication of the specimens. Within the scope of the study, a total of 18 different specimen groups were manufactured, including PLA Plus and PLA-CF reference specimens. The results of the study show that increasing the fill ratio from 20% to 100% increases the tensile strength of PLA Plus by 48.8%, while this increase is 42.9% for PLA-CF. When comparing hybrid designs, it was found that increasing the packing ratio from 20% to 100% resulted in a 36.1% increase in tensile strength for the Series 2 configuration and a 24.6% increase for the Series 1 configuration. Tensile tests and mass measurements of the specimens were conducted. The obtained results demonstrated that tensile strength increased significantly with higher infill densities. Moreover, it was determined that layer configuration and material deposition played a significant role in the mechanical performance of the multi-material structures. Although some multi-material combinations exhibited lower mass values, they achieved tensile strength values comparable to those of the reference specimens. This indicates that multi-material design strategies incorporating variable infill densities can be an effective approach for developing novel structures with enhanced mechanical performance and structural efficiency.

Özet

3B baskı teknolojileri, birden fazla malzemenin katman katman birleştirilmesi sonucu nesnelerinin aynı platformda basılması sayesinde tek bir üretim sürecinde çok malzemeli yapıların imal edilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 3B yazıcı kullanılarak PLA Plus ve karbon fiber takviyeli PLA (PLA-CF)’dan üretilen çoklu malzemelerin mekanik davranışları incelenmiştir. Numuneler; alt, üst ve orta bölge olarak üç ayrı kısımdan oluşacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Alt ve üst bölgeler %100 tam dolulukta, orta bölge ise %20, %60 ve %100 olarak değişken doluluk oranlarında üretilmiştir. Ayrıca, numunelerin üretiminde 7-6-7 (Seri 1) ve 5-10-5 (Seri 2) olmak üzere iki farklı katman sayısı dizilimi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında PLA Plus ve PLA-CF referans numuneleri ile birlikte toplam 18 farklı numune grubu üretilmiştir. Numunelerin çekme testleri ve kütle ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, doluluk oranının %20'den %100'e çıkarılmasının PLA Plus'ta dayanımı %48.8 artırırken bu artış PLA-CF'de %42.9 olmaktadır. Hibrit tasarımlar karşılaştırıldığında; doluluk oranının %20'den %100'e çıkarılmasıyla çekme dayanımında Seri 2 konfigürasyonunun %36.1, Seri 1 konfigürasyonunun ise %24.6 oranında bir artış sergilediği saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, numunelerin doluluk oranının artmasıyla birlikte çekme dayanımının belirgin şekilde arttığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte çok malzemelerde, katman dizilimi ve malzeme yerleşiminin mekanik performans üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bazı çok malzemeli kombinasyonlarda daha düşük kütle değerleri olmasına rağmen, referans numunelerde bulunan çekme dayanımı değerlerine yakın dayanım değerleri elde edilmiştir. Bu durum, değişken doluluk oranı ile planlanan çok malzemeli parça tasarım stratejilerinin, mekanik performansı ve yapısal verimliliği artırılmış yeni yapıların geliştirilmesinde etkili bir yaklaşım olabileceğini göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Anaç, N., Koçar, O., Baysal, E. (2026). INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED MULTI-MATERIAL STRUCTURES WITH VARIABLE INFILL DENSITIES. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 340–351. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.1904266

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