Journals / Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi / 2006 / Cilt: 1 - Sayı: 1

TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES

XIII. VE XIV. YÜZYILLARDA KARADENİZ'DE İKİ GÖÇ DALGASI

Pages
29–44
Publication Date
2006-10-15
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

During the second half of the fourteenth century some of the Turkmens settling in the Pontos moved southwards to the inland areas of East Anatolia.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In the 1240s-1260s, most of the Turkmens, who had been ousted from Central Asia by the Mongol invasion, rather rapidly (during one generation) crossed Anatolia from the east to the west and stopped in the Byzantine-Saljuq borderland.
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Key Findings & Data:Some of them started the eastward movement through the Black Sea coastal regions in the late 1270s and 1280s.
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Conclusion & Impact:During the second half of the fourteenth century some of the Turkmens settling in the Pontos moved southwards to the inland areas of East Anatolia.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Türkmenler · Kara Deniz · moğol istilası

Abstract

In the 1240s-1260s, most of the Turkmens, who had been ousted from Central Asia by the Mongol invasion, rather rapidly (during one generation) crossed Anatolia from the east to the west and stopped in the Byzantine-Saljuq borderland. Some of them started the eastward movement through the Black Sea coastal regions in the late 1270s and 1280s. By the 1290s they reached the Eastern Pontos and the frontier of the Empire of Trebizond (I call it “the first nomadic wave”), but the Mongol and Greek military alliance stopped their advance for some decades at the turn of the fourteenth century. In the 1330s, with the collapse of the Mongol power in Anatolia, the nomads attacked the coastal agricultural zones of the Pontos again (the second wave). During the second half of the fourteenth century some of the Turkmens settling in the Pontos moved southwards to the inland areas of East Anatolia.

Özet

1240-1260 yılları arasında Moğol istilası sebebiyle Orta Asya’dan çıkarılan Türkmenlerin çoğu tercihen hızlı bir şekilde (bir nesil süre-sinde) Anadolu’yu doğudan batıya doğru geçmişler ve Bizans-Selçuklu sınır boyunda durdurulmuşlardır. Türkmenlerin bir kısmı 1270-1280’li yılların sonunda Kara Deniz sahili boyunca doğuya harekete başlayıp 1290’lı yıllarda Doğu Pontus’a Trabzon Rum İmparatorluğu sınırlarına ulaşmışlar, (bunu “birinci göçebe dalgası” olarak adlandırıyorum) fakat Moğol ve Rum askeri ittifakı bunların ilerlemesini durdurmuştur. 1330’lu yıllarda Anadolu’da Moğol idaresinin çökmesiyle birlikte göçebeler Pontus’un sahildeki tarım alanlarına akınlar düzenlemeye başlamışlardır (ikinci dalga). 14. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Pontus’a yerle-şen Türkmenler güneye hareketlenerek Doğu Anadolu’nun iç kesimle-rine yerleşmişlerdir.

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Cite This Article

SHUKUROV, R. (2006). TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES. Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi, Cilt: 1 - Sayı: 1, 29–44. https://ajindex.com/articles/13987

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References (3)

  1. Sp. Vryonis, “Nomadization and Islamization in Asia Minor,” in: Dumbarton Oaks Papers, vol. 29, 1975, p. 43-71.
  2. Sp. Vryonis, The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century, Berkley (Cal.), 1971
  3. C. Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey, London, 1968. Georges Pachymérès, Relations Historiques, éd. A. Failler, vol. 1, Paris, 1984.