SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Kayseri, Türkiye: Bacteriological Analysis and Antibiotic Susceptibilities

Kayseri’deki Süt Sığırlarında Subklinik Mastitis: Bakteriyolojik Analiz ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıklar

Emre Karakaya(Erciyes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı)0000-0003-2390-6190
Murat Abay(ERCIYES UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE)0000-0003-2457-1919
Pages
103–111
Publication Date
2025-08-08
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, the current study revealed that there may be a need for dairy farms in this region to develop useful strategies for the treatment/control of SCM, considering the pathogenic bacteria and high antibiotic resistance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Mastitis is a disease that causes significant economic losses in dairy farms and is caused by many microorganisms and physical trauma.
📊
Key Findings & Data:For this purpose, a total of 400 milk samples from 100 cattle were screened with CMT.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, the current study revealed that there may be a need for dairy farms in this region to develop useful strategies for the treatment/control of SCM, considering the pathogenic bacteria and high antibiotic resistance.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Antibiyotik duyarlılık testi · bakteriyolojik analiz · dizileme

Abstract

Mastitis is a disease that causes significant economic losses in dairy farms and is caused by many microorganisms and physical trauma. In this study, it was aimed to detect subclinical mastitis (SCM) using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological analysis in dairy cattle and to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of the obtained isolates. For this purpose, a total of 400 milk samples from 100 cattle were screened with CMT. The CMT-positive samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis. The samples were inoculated onto 7% sheep blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24-96 h in aerobic/microaerobic/anaerobic atmospheres. Colonies grown were evaluated. The identification of the obtained isolates was performed by phenotypic tests, MALDI-TOF MS, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The susceptibilities of the isolates to nine antibiotics were determined by the disk diffusion method. The prevalence of SCM was detected as 25.75% (103/400) for the CMT results. In the bacteriological analysis, 74 (71.8%) of 103 milk samples from 60 CMT-positive animals were detected as positive, and 75 isolates were obtained. The most frequently defined bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n=25), Staphylococcus aureus (n=17), and Trueperella pyogenes (n=8). The highest antibiotic resistance among all isolates was detected to gentamicin (48%) and tetracycline (32%), while Staphylococcus spp. isolates were determined to be highest penicillin (45.2%) and gentamicin (38.1%). In conclusion, the current study revealed that there may be a need for dairy farms in this region to develop useful strategies for the treatment/control of SCM, considering the pathogenic bacteria and high antibiotic resistance.

Özet

Mastitis, süt sığırcılığı çiftliklerinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açan ve birçok mikroorganizma ve fiziksel travmanın neden olduğu bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada, süt sığırlarında subklinik mastitisin (SKM), California Mastitis Test (CMT) ve bakteriyolojik analiz kullanılarak tespit edilmesi ve elde edilen izolatların antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, 100 sığırdan alınan toplam 400 süt örneği, CMT ile tarandı. CMT-pozitif örnekler bakteriyolojik analize tabi tutuldu. Örneklerden %7’lik koyun kanlı agarlara ekim yapıldı ve besiyerleri 37°C'de, 24-96 saat, aerobik/mikroaerobik/anaerobik atmosferlerde inkübe edildi. Besiyerlerinde üreyen koloniler değerlendirildi. Elde edilen izolatların tanımlanması fenotipik testler, MALDI-TOF MS ve 16S rRNA sekans analizi ile gerçekleştirildi. İzolatların dokuz antibiyotiğe duyarlılıkları, disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlendi. CMT sonuçlarına göre, SKM prevalansı %25.75 (103/400) olarak saptandı. Bakteriyolojik analizde, 60 CMT pozitif hayvana ait 103 süt örneğinin 74'ü (%71.8) pozitif olarak saptandı ve 75 izolat elde edildi. En sık tanımlanan bakteriler koagülaz negatif Staphylococcus (n=25), Staphylococcus aureus (n=17) ve Trueperella pyogenes (n=8) idi. Tüm izolatlar arasında en yüksek antibiyotik direnci gentamisin (%48) ve tetrasikline (%32) karşı tespit edilirken, Staphylococcus spp. izolatları arasında en yüksek penisilin (%45.2) ve gentamisine (%38.1) karşı saptandı. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, patojen bakteriler ve yüksek antibiyotik direnci göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, bölgedeki süt çiftliklerinin SKM'nin tedavisi/kontrolü için yararlı stratejiler geliştirmelerine ihtiyaç olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Karakaya, E., Abay, M. (2025). Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Kayseri, Türkiye: Bacteriological Analysis and Antibiotic Susceptibilities. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1652863

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (41)

  1. Abed AH, Menshawy AMS, Zeinhom MMA, Hossain D, Khalifa E, Wareth G, Awad MF. Subclinical mastitis in selected bovine dairy herds in North Upper Egypt: Assessment of prevalence, causative bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes. Microorganisms 2021; 9(6): 1175.
  2. Al-Harbi H, Ranjbar S, Moore RJ, Alawneh JI. Bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cows with and without clinical mastitis in different regions of Australia and their AMR profiles. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8: 743725.
  3. Alkan H, Baştan A, Salar S, Özdal M, Kaymaz M. Comparision of results of California Mastitis Test, somatic cell counts and microbiological examination in healthy and infected quarter in cows at dry-off. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2014; 61: 179-83.
  4. Barreiro JR, Ferreira CR, Sanvido GB, Kostrzewa M, Maier T, Wegemann B, Böttcher V, Eberlin MN, dos Santos MV. Short communication: Identification of subclinical cow mastitis pathogens in milk by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93(12): 5661-7.
  5. Bastan A: Ineklerde meme sağlığı ve sorunları. 2nd ed., Kardelen Ofset, Ankara, Türkiye, 2013.
  6. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turek M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol 1966; 45; 493-6.
  7. Botrel MA, Haenni M, Morignat E, Sulpice P, Madec JY, Calavas D. Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinical and subclinical mastitis pathogens in dairy cows in Rhone- Alpes, France. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7: 479-87.
  8. Buyukcangaz E, Mat B, Ahmed MKKA. Subklinik mastitisli sığır sütlerinin mikrobiyolojik analizi ve izolatların antimikrobiyal direnç profili. Uludag Univ Vet Fak Derg 2012; 31(2), 35-44.
  9. Campos FC, Castilho IG, Rossi BF, Bonsaglia ÉCR, Dantas STA, Dias RCB, Fernandes Júnior A, Hernandes RT, Camargo CH, Ribeiro MG, Pantoja JCF, Langoni H, Rall VLM. Genetic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) isolates from bovine clinical mastitis. Pathogens 2022; 11(12): 1435.
  10. Cao W, Xu Y, Huang Y, Xu T. Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from dairy cow mastitis and correlation of biofilm formation and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Jiangsu, China. Agriculture 2023; 13(10): 1984.
  11. Cheng J, Qu W, Barkema HW, Nobrega DB, Gao J, Liu G, De Buck J, Kastelic JP, Sun H, Han B. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of 5 common bovine mastitis pathogens in large Chinese dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102(3): 2416-26.
  12. Cheng WN, Han SG. Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments-A review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 33(11): 1699-713.
  13. Chung LK, Sahibzada S, Annandale HC, Robertson ID, Waichigo FW, Tufail MS, Aleri JA. Bacterial pathogens associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis in a Mediterranean pasture-based dairy production system of Australia. Res Vet Sci 2021;141:103-9.
  14. Delikanlı Kıyak B, Günaydın E, Goncagül G. Evaluation of aerobic bacteriology of subclinical mastitis in cows. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 2024; 81(3): 369-78.
  15. Dieckmann R, Helmuth R, Erhard M, Malorny B. Rapid classification and identification of salmonellae at the species and subspecies levels by whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74(24): 7767-78.
  16. Dieser SA, C Vissio, MC Lasagno, CI Bogni, Larriestra AJ, Odierno LM. Prevalence of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis in Argentinean dairy herds. Pak Vet J 2014; 34(1): 124-6.
  17. Gokdag MO, Ciftci A. Antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profiles in Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis. JAES 2021; 6(3): 395-402.
  18. Gulmez Saglam A, Otlu S, Coskun MR, Celik E, Buyuk F, Sahin M. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows, isolation of agents and determination of their antibiotic susceptibility. Eurasian J Vet Sci 2018; 34(2): 92-8.
  19. Haq IU, Kamal M, Swelum AA, Khan S, Ríos-Escalante PRL, Usman T. Alarming multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis: Antibiotic resistance patterns and occurrence of selected resistance genes. PLoS One 2024; 19(5): e0301200.
  20. Huma ZI, Sharma N, Kour S, Lee SJ. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of bovine mastitis milk origin bacteria and linkage of intramammary infection with milk quality. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9: 885134.
  21. Kahya Demirbilek S. Isolation of aerobic bacteria in cow with subclinical mastitis in Turkey and evaluation of their antimicrobial suspectibility. Assiut Vet Med J 2020; 66(167): 100-8.
  22. Kasa G, Tegegne B, Tadesse B. Isolation and Identification of major pathogenic bacteria from clinical mastitic cows in Asella Town, Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020: 6656755.
  23. Kenar B, Aksoy A, Köse Z. The new mastitis agents emerged in cattle in Turkey and an investigation of their antimicrobial susceptibility. Kocatepe Vet J 2019; 12(4): 400-6.
  24. Kour S, Sharma N, N B, Kumar P, Soodan JS, Santos MVD, Son YO. Advances in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic management in bovine mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10(7): 449.
  25. Kurt S, Eski F. Pathogen isolation and antibiogram analysis in dairy cows with clinical mastitis in Adana region, Turkey. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg 2021; 32(1): 20-6.
  26. Lane DJ. 16S/23S rRNA Sequencing. In: Stackebrandt E and Goodfellow M (eds). Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematic. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1991. pp. 115-175.
  27. Michira L, Kagira J, Maina N, Waititu K, Kiboi D, Ongera E, Ngotho M. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Kajiado Central sub-county, Kenya. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9(6): 2885-92.
  28. Olah PA, Doetkott C, Fakhr MK, Logue CM. Prevalence of the Campylobacter multi-drug efflux pump (CmeABC) in Campylobacter spp. isolated from freshly processed Turkeys. Food Microbiol 2006; 23(5): 453-60.
  29. Ozavcı V, Parın U, Yüksel HT, Kırkan S. Identification of pathogen bacteria from bovine mastitis in Yozgat province and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. Animal Health Prod and Hyg 2017; 6(1), 454-8.
  30. Persson Y, Nyman AK, Grönlund-Andersson U. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens from cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Sweden. Acta Vet Scand 2011; 53(1): 36.
  31. Phophi L, Petzer IM, Qekwana DN. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15(1): 420.
  32. Ren Q, Liao G, Wu Z, Lv J, Chen W. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from subclinical bovine mastitis in southern Xinjiang, China. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103(4): 3368-80.
  33. Rifatbegović M, Nicholas RAJ, Mutevelić T, Hadžiomerović M, Maksimović Z. Pathogens associated with bovine mastitis: The experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vet Sci 2024; 11(2): 63.
  34. Rodríguez MF, Gomez AP, Ceballos-Garzon A. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus Isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis: Do strains from the environment and from humans contribute to the dissemination of resistance among bacteria on dairy farms in Colombia? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12(11): 1574.
  35. Silva ATF, Gonçalves JL, Dantas STA, Rall VLM, de Oliveira PRF, Dos Santos MV, Peixoto RM, Mota RA. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of subclinical mastitis-causing multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12(9): 1353.
  36. Sogawa K, Watanabe M, Sato K, Segawa S, Ishii C, Miyabe A, Murata S, Saito T, Nomura F. Use of the MALDI BioTyper system with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid identification of microorganisms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400(7): 1905-11.
  37. Tavsanli H, Cibik R. The prevalence, genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in Balikesir, Turkey. Vet Arhiv 2022; 92(1): 17-25.
  38. Tel OY, Keskin O, Zonturlu AK, Arserim Kaya NB. Şanlıurfa yöresinde subklinik mastitislerin görülme orani, aerobik bakteri izolasyonu ve duyarli antibiyotiklerin belirlenmesi. F Ü Sağ Bil Vet Derg 2009; 23(2): 101-6.
  39. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters Version 15.0, 2025.
  40. Tommasoni C, Fiore E, Lisuzzo A, Gianesella M. Mastitis in dairy cattle: On-farm diagnostics and future perspectives. Animals 2023; 13(15): 2538.
  41. Xu J, Tan X, Zhang X, Xia X, Sun H. The diversities of staphylococcal species, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the subclinical mastitis milk from a single Chinese cow herd. Microb Pathog 2015; 88: 29-38.