Journals / Bozok Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE FOOD CRAVINGS ON DEPRESSION, SLEEP QUALITY AND FATIGUE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS

Tip 2 Diyabetik Bireylerde Aşırı Besin İsteğinin Depresyon, Uyku Kalitesi ve Yorgunluk Üzerine Etkisi

Betül Kamanlı(YOZGAT BOZOK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0588-9502
Hafize Kızılkaya(YOZGAT BOZOK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TIP PR.)0000-0002-4878-9958
Pages
235–245
Publication Date
2026-06-15
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Especially in tip 2 diabetic patients, it is thought that interventions aimed at improving excessive food cravings in diabetic patients can help improve obesity, sleep quality, depression and fatigue of diabetic patients and thus, make positive contributions to quality of life.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between excessive food cravings and depres-sion, sleep quality and fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods: A total of 188 individuals, including 94 diabetic and 94 non-diabetic were included in this descriptive and cross-sectional study.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Especially in tip 2 diabetic patients, it is thought that interventions aimed at improving excessive food cravings in diabetic patients can help improve obesity, sleep quality, depression and fatigue of diabetic patients and thus, make positive contributions to quality of life.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Diyabet · Aşırı Besin İsteği · Depresyon

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between excessive food cravings and depres-sion, sleep quality and fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: A total of 188 individuals, including 94 diabetic and 94 non-diabetic were included in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. Socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements of individuals were collected through a questionnaire and face-to-face interview method. Excessive food cravings of individuals were evaluated using “Food Cravings Scale”, depression was evaluated using “Beck Depression Inventory”, sleep quality was evaluated using “Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index” and fatigue was evaluated using “Fatigue Severity Scale”. Results: Among the diabetic individuals in the study, 50.0% were female and 50.0% were male. Excessive food cravings, depression, sleep and fatigue scores were higher in diabetic individuals than non-diabetic individuals. There was a weak negative significant relationship between excessive food cravings and height; a weak positive significant relationship between excessive food cravings and body mass index, depression score, sleep score; a moderate positive significant relationship between excessive food cravings and sleep disturbance and fatigue score in diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results emphasize the importance of informing tip 2 diabetic patients about the risks of excesive cravings. Especially in tip 2 diabetic patients, it is thought that interventions aimed at improving excessive food cravings in diabetic patients can help improve obesity, sleep quality, depression and fatigue of diabetic patients and thus, make positive contributions to quality of life.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Tip 2 diyabet hastalarında aşırı besin isteği ile depresyon, uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışmaya 94 diyabetik ve 94 diyabetik olmayan toplam 188 birey dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve antropometrik ölçümleri anket formu aracılığıyla yüzyüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bireylerin aşırı besin isteği durumları “Aşırı Besin İsteği Ölçeği” ile depresyon durumları “Beck Depresyon Ölçeği” ile uyku kalitesi “Pittsburg Uyku Kalite İndeksi” ile yorgunluk durumları ise “Yorgunluk Şiddet Ölçeği” kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan diyabetik bireylerin %50,0’si kadın ve %50,0’si erkektir. Diyabetik bireylerde aşırı besin isteği, depresyon, uyku ve yorgunluk skorları ortalamaları diyabetik olmayanlara göre daha yüksektir. Diyabetik grupta aşırı besin isteği ile boy uzunluğu arasında zayıf negatif anlamlı; aşırı besin isteği ile beden kütle indeksi, depresyon skoru ve uyku skoru arasında zayıf pozitif anlamlı ve aşırı besin isteği ile uyku bozukluğu, yorgunluk skoru arasında ise pozitif orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız tip 2 diyabetli hastaların aşırı besin isteği riskleri hakkında bilgilendirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Özellikle tip 2 diyabet hastalarında, aşırı besin isteğini iyileştirmeye yönelik müdahalelerin diyabet hastalarında obezite, uyku kalitesi, depresyon ve yorgunluk gibi sorunların iyileştirilmesine ve dolayısıyla yaşam kalitesine olumlu katkılar sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kamanlı, B., Kızılkaya, H. (2026). EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE FOOD CRAVINGS ON DEPRESSION, SLEEP QUALITY AND FATIGUE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 235–245. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1847664

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (36)

  1. Zeng DK, Xiao Q, Li FQ, Tang YZ, Jia CL, Tang XW. Cardiovascular risk of sitagliptin in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(7):BSR20190980.
  2. Xu Y, Lu J, Li M, Wang T, Wang K, Cao Q, et al. Diabetes in China part 1: epidemiology and risk factors. Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(12):e1089-97.
  3. Yao S, Shen Y, Xiong J, Wei L, Zhao J, Wang Z, et al. Modeling diabetes progression with risk factors: A case study in China. Comput Biol Med. 2025;186:109643.
  4. Ceriello A, Prattichizzo F. Variability of risk factors and diabetes complications. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):101.
  5. Elsayed NA, Aleppo G, Bannuru RR, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Ekhlaspour L, et al. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(1):S20-42.
  6. Chao A, Grilo CM, White MA, Sinha R. Food cravings, food intake, and weight status in a community-based sample. Eat Behav. 2014;15(3):478-82.
  7. Jeong JE, Jung DJ, Kwak M, Yang HK, Lim SY, Lee JH. Reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the general-food craving questionnaire-trait for children. Psychiatry Investig. 2017;14(5):595-602.
  8. Sinha R, Gu P, Hart R, Guarnaccia JB. Food craving, cortisol and ghrelin responses in modeling highly palatable snack intake in the laboratory. Physiol Behav. 2019;208:112563.
  9. Macht M, Simons G. Emotions and eating in everyday life. Appetite. 2000;35(1):65-71.
  10. Jason LA, Evans M, Brown M, Porter N. What is fatigue? Pathological and nonpathological fatigue. PM&R. 2010;2(5):327-31.
  11. Lien AS, Hwang JS, Jiang YD. Diabetes related fatigue sarcopenia, frailty. J Diabetes Investig. 2017;9(1):3-4.
  12. Romadlon DS, Hasan F, Wiratama BS, Chiu HY. Prevalence and risk factors of fatigue in type 1 and type 2diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2022;54(5):546-53.
  13. Çamlık Z, Saka M. İnsülin direnci olan yetişkin bireylerin hedonik açlık durumunun farklı ölçeklerle belirlenmesi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;4(3):188-201.
  14. Lv W, Finlayson G, Dando R. Sleep, food cravings and taste. Appetite. 2018;125:210-6.
  15. Greer SM, Goldstein AN, Walker MP. The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2259.
  16. Tasali E, Chapotot F, Wroblewski K, Schoeller D. The effects of extended bedtimes on sleep duration and food desire in overweight young adults: a home-based intervention. Appetite. 2014;80:220-4.
  17. Pekcan G. Beslenme durumunun saptanması. Baysal A, Aksoy M, Besler T, Bozkurt N, Keçecioğlu S, Mercanlıgil SM, ed. Diyet El Kitabı. Hatipoğlu Yayınları, Ankara: 2008;67-141.
  18. Uzunlulu M, Oğuz A, Aslan G, Karadağ, F. Cut-off values for waist circumference in Turkish population: is there a threshold to predict insulin resistance. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2009;37(6):17-23.
  19. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation. [serial on the Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2008. [Cited 15 Feb 2025]. Available from: WHO Official Website
  20. Ashwell, M. Obesity risk: Importance of the waist-to-height ratio. Nurs Stand. 2009;23(41):49-54.
  21. Cepeda-Benito A, Gleaves D, Erath S. The development and validation of the State and Trait Food-Cravings Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy. 2000;31:151-73.
  22. Müftüoğlu S, Kızıltan G, Akçil Ok M. Majör Depresyon Hastaları İçin “Aşırı Besin İsteği” Ölçeğinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlilik Çalışması. Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;2(1):13-22.
  23. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry.1961;4(6):561-71.
  24. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1988;7(23):3-13.
  25. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213.
  26. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1996;7(2):107-15.
  27. Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:1121-3.
  28. Armutlu K, Korkmaz NC, Keser I, Sümbüloğlu V, Akbıyık DI, Güney, Z, et al. The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients, International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2007;30(1):81-5.
  29. Taghizadeh G, Sarlak N, Fallah S, Sharabiani PT, Cheraghifard M. Minimal clinically important difference of fatigue severity scale in patients with chronic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024;33(4):107577.
  30. Franken IHA, Muris P. Individual differences in reward sensitivity are related to food craving and relative body weight in healthy women. Appetite. 2005;45:198-201.
  31. Joyner MA, Gearhardt AN, White MA. Food craving as a mediator between addictive-like eating and problematic eating outcomes. Eat Behav. 2015;19:98-101.
  32. Yıldız A, Kızıltan G. Diyabet Kliniğine Başvuran Bireylerde Anormal Yeme Davranışlarının ve Depresyon Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;8(1):173-87.
  33. Vidafar P, Cain SW, Shechter A. Relationship between sleep and hedonic appetite in shift workers. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2835.
  34. Bi Y, Zhang L, Li X, Kan Y, Li S, Zou Y, et al. Contributing factors of fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;130:105280.
  35. Nishitani N, Sakakibara H, Akiyama I. Eating behavior related to obesity and job stress in male Japanese workers. Nutrition. 2009;25(1):45-50.
  36. Zhu B, Chen X, Park CG, Zhu D, Izci-Balserak B. Fatigue and sleep quality predict eating behaviour among people with type 2 diabetes. Nurs Res. 2020;69(6):419-26.