Journals / Bozok Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN DURING RIGID CYSTOSCOPY: A SINGLE-SURGEON EXPERIENCE UNDER STANDARDIZED CONDITIONS

Standardize Koşullar Altında Rijit Sistoskopi Sırasında Ağrı ile İlişkili Faktörler: Tek Cerrah Deneyimi

Fatih Sandıkçı(Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Ankara Etlik Şehir Hastanesi)0000-0002-3959-2360
Berk Yasin Ekenci(Acıbadem Bayındır Söğütözü Hastanesi)0000-0002-5939-4548
Pages
376–383
Publication Date
2026-09-25
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Improving procedural efficiency and appropriate patient counseling may help enhance patient comfort.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Pain during cystoscopy remains an important clinical concern, particularly in male patients undergoing rigid cystoscopy under local anesthesia.
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, a total of 123 male patients who underwent rigid cystoscopy between October 2024 and December 2025 were analyzed.
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Conclusion & Impact:Improving procedural efficiency and appropriate patient counseling may help enhance patient comfort.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2024 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Sistoskopi · Lokal Anestezi · Erkek

Abstract

Objective: Pain during cystoscopy remains an important clinical concern, particularly in male patients undergoing rigid cystoscopy under local anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with pain during rigid cystoscopy performed under standardized conditions and to identify independent predictors of severe pain. Material and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, a total of 123 male patients who underwent rigid cystoscopy between October 2024 and December 2025 were analyzed. All procedures were performed by a single urologist using identical instrumentation and a standardized local anesthesia protocol. Pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and patients were categorized into two groups according to VAS scores (<5 and ≥5). Demographic and clinical variables were compared between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of severe pain. Results: A total of 123 patients were included in the study. Severe pain (VAS ≥5) was observed in 47 patients (38.2%). Patients in the VAS ≥5 group were significantly younger (p<0.001) and had longer procedure times (p=0.011). No significant differences were observed regarding comorbidity status, alpha-blocker use, cystoscopy indication, final diagnosis, or history of previous urethral intervention. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger age [odds ratio (OR)=0.885, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.94; p<0.001] and longer procedure time (OR=1.326, 95% CI 1.09-1.60; p=0.004) were independently associated with severe pain. Conclusion: These findings suggest that procedure-related factors may contribute substantially to pain perception during rigid cystoscopy. Improving procedural efficiency and appropriate patient counseling may help enhance patient comfort.

Özet

Amaç: Sistoskopi sırasında hissedilen ağrı, özellikle lokal anestezi altında rijit sistoskopi uygulanan erkek hastalarda klinik açıdan önemini koruyan bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada, standartize koşullar altında gerçekleştirilen rijit sistoskopi sırasında ağrı ile ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi ve şiddetli ağrının bağımsız prediktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif tek merkezli çalışmada, Ekim 2024 ile Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında rijit sistoskopi uygulanan toplam 123 erkek hasta analiz edildi. Tüm işlemler aynı üroloji uzmanı tarafından aynı enstrümantasyon ve standart lokal anestezi protokolü kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Ağrı, Görsel Analog Skala (VAS) ile değerlendirildi ve hastalar VAS <5 ve VAS ≥5 olacak şekilde iki gruba ayrıldı. Demografik ve klinik değişkenler gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Şiddetli ağrının bağımsız prediktörlerini belirlemek amacıyla çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 123 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Şiddetli ağrı (VAS ≥5) 47 hastada (%38,2) gözlendi. VAS ≥5 grubundaki hastalar anlamlı olarak daha gençti (p<0,001) ve işlem süreleri daha uzundu (p=0,011). Komorbidite durumu, alfa-bloker kullanımı, sistoskopi endikasyonu, nihai tanı ve önceki üretral girişim öyküsü açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde, daha genç yaş [olasılık oranı (OO)=0,885; %95 güven aralığı (GA): 0,83-0,94; p<0,001] ve daha uzun işlem süresi (OO=1,326; %95 GA: 1,09-1,60; p=0,004) şiddetli ağrının bağımsız prediktörleri olarak saptandı. Sonuç: Bu bulgular, rijit sistoskopi sırasında ağrı algısında işlemle ilişkili faktörlerin önemli katkı sağlayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. İşlem süresinin optimize edilmesi ve uygun hasta bilgilendirmesi hasta konforunu artırabilir.

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Cite This Article

Sandıkçı, F., Ekenci, B. Y. (2026). FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN DURING RIGID CYSTOSCOPY: A SINGLE-SURGEON EXPERIENCE UNDER STANDARDIZED CONDITIONS. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 376–383. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1920956

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