SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Black Sea Journal of Agriculture / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

In vitro Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Pestalotiopsis telopeae Isolate 2A6 Associated with Leaf Spot Disease on Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’

İlhan Bal(BOLU ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6192-722X
Mehmet Erhan Göre(BOLU ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-4229-2673
Pages
613–619
Publication Date
2026-07-15
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This study serves as a preliminary in vitro screening to establish baseline fungicide sensitivity for P. telopeae in Türkiye.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In the present study, fungicide sensitivity of Pestalotiopsis telopeae isolate 2A6, identified as the causal agent of leaf disease on Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’ in outdoor ornamental plant nurseries in Sakarya, Türkiye, was evaluated under in vitro conditions.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The active ingredients azoxystrobin, captan, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and thiophanate methyl were evaluated at concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 µg mL–1 on potato dextrose agar medium.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This study serves as a preliminary in vitro screening to establish baseline fungicide sensitivity for P. telopeae in Türkiye.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Fungicide efficacy · Outdoor ornamental plants · Pestalotiopsis telopeae

Abstract

In the present study, fungicide sensitivity of Pestalotiopsis telopeae isolate 2A6, identified as the causal agent of leaf disease on Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’ in outdoor ornamental plant nurseries in Sakarya, Türkiye, was evaluated under in vitro conditions. The active ingredients azoxystrobin, captan, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and thiophanate methyl were evaluated at concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 µg mL–1 on potato dextrose agar medium. The highest inhibition rates of mycelial growth of P. telopeae isolate 2A6 were 99.23%, 91.83%, and 81.20% for fungicides tebuconazole, difenoconazole, and captan, respectively, at 100 µg mL–1. Lower inhibition rates were observed for the active ingredients azoxystrobin and thiophanate methyl compared to the other fungicides tested. Consistent with these findings, the EC50 values obtained from Probit analysis confirmed that difenoconazole and tebuconazole exhibited the highest antifungal activity among the tested active ingredients. The results of the present study provide preliminary insights for future research on the control of leaf spot diseases caused by P. telopeae in outdoor ornamental plants. This study serves as a preliminary in vitro screening to establish baseline fungicide sensitivity for P. telopeae in Türkiye.

Özet

In the present study, fungicide sensitivity of Pestalotiopsis telopeae isolate 2A6, identified as the causal agent of leaf disease on Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’ in outdoor ornamental plant nurseries in Sakarya, Türkiye, was evaluated under in vitro conditions. The active ingredients azoxystrobin, captan, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and thiophanate methyl were evaluated at concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 µg mL–1 on potato dextrose agar medium. The highest inhibition rates of mycelial growth of P. telopeae isolate 2A6 were 99.23%, 91.83%, and 81.20% for fungicides tebuconazole, difenoconazole, and captan, respectively, at 100 µg mL–1. Lower inhibition rates were observed for the active ingredients azoxystrobin and thiophanate methyl compared to the other fungicides tested. Consistent with these findings, the EC50 values obtained from Probit analysis confirmed that difenoconazole and tebuconazole exhibited the highest antifungal activity among the tested active ingredients. The results of the present study provide preliminary insights for future research on the control of leaf spot diseases caused by P. telopeae in outdoor ornamental plants. This study serves as a preliminary in vitro screening to establish baseline fungicide sensitivity for P. telopeae in Türkiye.

🔖

Cite This Article

Bal, İ., Göre, M. E. (2026). In vitro Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Pestalotiopsis telopeae Isolate 2A6 Associated with Leaf Spot Disease on Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 613–619. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1954078

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (27)

  1. Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18(2), 265–267.
  2. Abeysinghe, G. A. S. I., & Ranaweera, B. (2016). Identification of the pathogen and fungicidal screening for control of new leaf disorder in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nursery plants. In Proceedings of the 15th Agricultural and Research Symposium, pp: 194–198.
  3. Adhikari, K., Khadka, A. R., & Shrestha, K. (2023). In vitro antagonism of Trichoderma isolates and efficacy of chemical fungicides against mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis theae. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 37, 8–18. https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56968
  4. Amrutha, P., & Vijayaraghavan, R. (2018). Evaluation of fungicides and biocontrol agents against Neopestalotiopsis clavispora causing leaf blight of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 622–628. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.067
  5. Baggio, J. S., Rebello, C. S., de Morais, M. B., Marin, M. V., Gama, A. B., Forcelini, B. B., Mertely, J. C., & Peres, N. A. (2023). Efficacy of single-and multi-site fungicides against Neopestalotiopsis spp. of strawberry. Plant Disease, 107(7), 2177–2184. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-22-1929-RE
  6. Bal, İ., Alkan, M., Özer, G., & Göre, M. E. (2026). First report of Pestalotiopsis telopeae causing leaf spot on Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’ in Türkiye. Journal of Plant Pathology, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-026-02205-z
  7. Çetiner, S., & Zencirkıran, M. (2020). Alev Çalısı (Photinia × fraseri Dress. ‘Red Robin’)’nın farklı saksı ve yetiştirme ortamlarında fidan büyüme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi [Determination of seedling growth characteristics of Photinia × fraseri Dress. ‘Red Robin’ in different pots and growing media]. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.734716
  8. Delen, N., Yıldız, M., & Benlioğlu, S. (1988). Botrytis cinerea izolatlarının captan ve dichlolluanid'e duyarlılıkları üzerinde çalışmalar. Doğa, 12, 348–357.
  9. Dellal, İ., Dellal, G., & Ünüvar, F. İ. (2018). Sakarya ili tarım sektör raporu: Mevcut durum, strateji, hedef ve eylem planı. Yorum Matbaacılık.
  10. FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee). (2014). Relationship between QoIs, QoSIs, and QiI fungicides (Technical Report). https://www.frac.info/media/1orpccc1/relationship-between-qii-qoi-and-qosi-fungicides.pdf (accessed on 10 March 2026).
  11. FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee). (2025). FRAC Code List 2025. https://www.frac.info/media/ljsi3qrv/frac-code-list-2025.pdf (accessed on 10 March 2026).
  12. Genç, S., & Soysal, M. İ. (2018). Parametric and nonparametric post hoc tests. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(1), 18-27. https://izlik.org/JA73XC42GW
  13. Gowda, G. V., Ekabote, S. D., Onkarappa, S., & Sathish, K. M. (2023). In vitro evaluation of chemicals against Pestalotiopsis sp. causing grey leaf blight of coconut. Biochemical & Cellular Archives, 23(1), 391–395.
  14. Kummanid, J., Akimitsu, K., & Nalumpang, S. (2017). Mutations of the β‐tubulin gene fragments from carbendazim‐resistant isolates of Pestalotiopsis sp. causing strawberry leaf blight in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Journal of Phytopathology, 165(7-8), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12588
  15. Maharachchikumbura, S. S., Guo, L. D., Chukeatirote, E., Bahkali, A. H., & Hyde, K. D. (2011). Pestalotiopsis–morphology, phylogeny, biochemistry and diversity. Fungal Diversity, 50(1), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0125-x
  16. Maharachchikumbura, S. S., Hyde, K. D., Groenewald, J. Z., Xu, J., & Crous, P. W. (2014). Pestalotiopsis revisited. Studies in Mycology, 79, 121–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.005
  17. Olivares-Rodriguez, G., Angeles-Núñez, J. G., Mondragón-Rojas, F., Rivas-Valencia, P., Zárate-Castrejón, J. L., Mariscal-Amaro, L. A., Díaz-Espino, L. F., Martínez-Martínez, T. O. (2024). Control in vitro of Neopestalotiopsis sp. isolated from strawberry by Trichoderma and commercial fungicides. Mexican Journal of Phytopathology, 42(4), 52. https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2024-28
  18. Özel, H. B., Yücedağ, C., & Ayan, S. (2023). Growth performances of Photinia × fraseri Dress. seedlings from cuttings of five ortets in different districts. SilvaWorld, 2(2), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.23
  19. Raj, H., Meena, R. K., Sharma, P., & Yadav, S. (2018). Studies on etiology and management of major foliar diseases of Calamus species in Mizoram and Tripura, North East India. Indian Journal of Tropical Biodiversity, 26(2), 177–190.
  20. Shi, J., Li, B., Wang, S., Zhang, W., Shang, M., Wang, Y., & Liu, B. (2024). Occurrence of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora causing apple leaf spot in China. Agronomy, 14(8), 1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081658
  21. SÜSBİR (The Ornamental Plants Growers Union). (2025). SÜSBİR sector report 2025 [SÜSBİR sektör raporu 2025]. https://www.susbir.org.tr/belgeler/raporlar/susbir-sektor-raporu-2025.pdf (accessed on 23 February 2026).
  22. TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute). (2024). Ornamental plant statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr (accessed on 01 March 2026).
  23. Venkataravanappa, V., Madhu, G. S., Muralidhara, B. M., Umar, S. N., & Deepak, G. N. (2025). Diversity, characterization and fungicidal management of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis species complex associated with raised fruit spots and anthracnose-like symptoms in avocado, India. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 139, 102802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102802
  24. Xu, X. L., Liu, S. Y., Lv, Y. C., Zeng, Q., Liu, Y. G., & Yang, C. L. (2022). Leaf blight on Photinia× fraseri caused by Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola in China. Plant Disease, 106, 1520.
  25. Zhang, C. Q., Liu, Y. H., Wu, H. M., Xu, B. C., Sun, P. L., & Xu, Z. H. (2012). Baseline sensitivity of Pestalotiopsis microspora, which causes black spot disease on Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis), to pyraclostrobin. Crop Protection, 42, 256–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.07.018
  26. Zhang, Y., Jiang, Y., & He, Y. (2022). Identification, biological characteristics of Pestalotiopsis diospyri and its sensitivity to fungicides. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 16(2), 261–269.
  27. Zhong, Q., Yuan, X., Wei, S., Zhang, N., Xiao, Y., Huo, G., & Cui, C. (2024). First report of Pseudopestalotiopsis ixorae causing leaf spot of Photinia × fraseri in China. Plant Disease, 108(7), 2232. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-23-1591-PDN